Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

wrench

/ˈɹɛnt͡ʃ/ noun, verb, proper noun

Forms wrenches wrenching wrenched wrenche wrinche wringe

  1. noun A movement that twists or pulls violently; a tug.
  2. noun An injury caused by a violent twisting or pulling of a limb; strain, sprain.
  3. noun (obsolete) A trick or artifice.
  4. noun (obsolete) Deceit; guile; treachery.
  5. noun (obsolete) A turn at an acute angle.
  6. noun (archaic) A winch or windlass.
  7. noun (obsolete) A screw.
  8. noun A distorting change from the original meaning.
  9. verb (transitive) To pull or twist violently. “With a surge of adrenaline, she wrenched the car door off and pulled out the injured man.”
  10. verb (transitive) To injure (a joint) by pulling or twisting. “Be careful not to wrench your ankle walking along those loose stones!”
  11. verb (transitive) To distort the original meaning of; to misrepresent.
  12. verb (transitive) To rack with pain; to make hurt or distressed.
  13. verb (transitive) To deprive by means of a violent pull or twist.
  14. verb (transitive) To use a wrench; to twist with a wrench. “The plumber wrenched the pipes until they came loose.”
  15. verb (intransitive, obsolete) To violently move in a turn or writhe.
  16. verb (transitive, obsolete) To tighten with or as if with a winch.
  17. proper noun A surname transferred from the nickname.

Synonyms

spanner twist pull wring sprain turn wrick rick

Etymology

From Middle English wrench, from Old English wrenċ, from Proto-Germanic *wrankiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wreng- (“to turn”). Compare German Rank (“plot, intrigue”).

From Middle English wrenchen, from Old English wrenċan, from Proto-West Germanic *wrankijan, from Proto-Germanic *wrankijaną. Compare German renken.

From wrench, in the sense of trick, artifice, deceit, thus a nickname for a sly and wily person.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun Trick; deceit; fraud; stratagem. [Obs.]
  2. noun A violent twist, or a pull with twisting.
  3. verb To pull with a twist; to wrest, twist, or force by violence.
  4. verb To strain; to sprain; hence, to distort; to pervert.

Etymology [OE. wrench deceit, AS. wrenc deceit, a twisting; akin to G. rank intrigue, crookedness, renken to bend, twist, and E. wring. Wring, and cf. Ranch, v. t.]

Etymology [OE. wrenchen, AS. wrencan to deceive, properly, to twist, from wrenc guile, deceit, a twisting. Wrench, n.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “wrench”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details