Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

tug

/ˈtʌɡ/ verb, noun

Forms tugs tugging tugged

  1. verb (transitive) To pull or drag with great effort. “The police officers tugged the drunkard out of the pub.”
  2. verb (transitive) To pull hard repeatedly. “He lost his patience trying to undo his shoe-lace, but tugging it made the knot even tighter.”
  3. verb (transitive) To tow by tugboat.
  4. verb (slang, ambitransitive) To masturbate.
  5. noun A sudden powerful pull.
  6. noun (nautical) A tugboat.
  7. noun A type of tractor used for moving trailers.
  8. noun (obsolete) A kind of vehicle used for conveying timber and heavy articles.
  9. noun A trace, or drawing strap, of a harness.
  10. noun A dog toy consisting of a rope, often with a knot in it.
  11. noun (mining) An iron hook of a hoisting tub, to which a tackle is affixed.
  12. noun (slang) An act of male masturbation. “He had a quick tug to calm himself down before his date.”
  13. noun (UK, slang) A foundationer or colleger at Eton.

Synonyms

jerk tugboat towboat tower labor labour push drive lug tote

Etymology

From Middle English tuggen, from Old English togian (“to tow”), from Proto-West Germanic *togōn, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną (“to draw, pull”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull; to lead”).
Cognate with German zögern (“to hesitate, pause”), Faroese and Icelandic toga (“to pull”), French touer (“to tow, tug a ship”); also Welsh dwyn (“to steal; to take; to bring to”), Latin dūcō (“to conduct, guide, lead; to take; to draw, pull; to consider, think; to prolong; to march; to forge”), Ancient Greek δαδύσσομαι (dadússomai, “to be distracted”), Albanian nduk (“to pluck out, pull out, tear”), Central Kurdish دۆشین (doşîn, “to milk”), Northern Kurdish dotin, doşîn, دۆشین (doşîn, “to milk”), Ossetian ду́цын (dúcyn, “to milk”), Pashto لوشل (lwašal, “to milk; to extort”), Persian دوشیدن (dōšīdan / dušidan), دوشتن (duštan), دوختن (dōxtan / duxtan, “to milk”). Related to tow.

Related to toga.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To pull or draw with great effort; to draw along with continued exertion; to haul along; to tow; as, to tug a loaded cart; to tug a ship into port.
  2. verb To pull; to pluck. [Obs.]
  3. verb To pull with great effort; to strain in labor; as, to tug at the oar; to tug against the stream.
  4. verb To labor; to strive; to struggle.

Etymology [OE. toggen; akin to OD. tocken to entice, G. zucken to jerk, draw, Icel. toga to draw, AS. téon, p. p. togen, to draw, G. ziehen, OHG. ziohan, Goth. tiuhan, L. ducere to lead, draw. Cf. Duke, Team, Tie, v. t., Touch, Tow, v. t., Tuck to press in, Toy a plaything.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “tug”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “tug” (best matches first).