Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

bourgeois

UK /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/ · US /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/ adjective, noun, verb, proper noun

Forms bourgeoises bourgeoising bourgeoised burgeois

  1. adjective Of or relating to the middle class (often derogatory), and their presumed overly conventional, conservative, and materialistic values. “bourgeois opinion”
  2. adjective (historical) Of or relating to the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime.
  3. adjective (Marxism) Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat.
  4. noun (politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class.
  5. noun (rare) An individual member of the middle class.
  6. noun (usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes.
  7. noun (history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime.
  8. noun (Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat.
  9. verb (transitive) To make bourgeois.
  10. noun (printing, dated) A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point.
  11. proper noun A surname from French.

Synonyms

square galliard businessperson burgher conservative materialistic

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.

From Middle English burjois, from French Bourgois, probably from Bourges (a city in France) + -ois (forming adjectives) but possibly from bourgeois above or after Jean de Bourgeois who worked as a printer in Rouen c. 1500.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A size of type between long primer and brevier. See Type.
  2. noun A man of middle rank in society; one of the shopkeeping class.
  3. noun Characteristic of the middle class, as in France.

Etymology [From a French type founder named Bourgeois, or fr. F. bourgeois of the middle class; hence applied to an intermediate size of type between brevier and long primer: cf. G. bourgeois, borgis. Cf. Burgess.]

Etymology [F., fr. bourg town; of German origin. See Burgess.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “bourgeois”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details