Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

cad

/kæd/ noun, verb

Forms cads cadding cadded

noun A low-bred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar fellow, especially one that cannot be trusted with a lady.
noun (archaic) A person who stands at the door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares; a bus conductor.
noun (UK, Ireland, obsolete, slang) An idle hanger-on about innyards.
verb (obsolete, Cumbria) to mat or felt together
noun A caddis (caddisfly larva).

Synonyms

Short for caddie, from Scots, from French cadet, from Occitan capdet (“chief, captain”), from Latin capitellum, diminutive of caput (“head”).

Uncertain. Ferguson (1875) thought this to be of Celtic origin; possibly from a Cumbric equivalent to Welsh cydio (“to join, couple”).

noun A person who stands at the door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares; an idle hanger-on about innyards. [Eng.]
noun A lowbred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar fellow. [Cant]

Etymology [Abbrev. fr. cadet.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “cad”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details