Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

caucasian

UK /kɔːˈkeɪ.ʒən/ · US /kɔˈkeɪ.ʒən/ adjective, noun

Forms caucasians

  1. adjective Of or relating to the Caucasus region or its culture, languages, and people.
  2. adjective (anthropology, dated) Of a racial classification pertaining to people having certain phenotypical features such as straight, curly, or wavy hair and very light to brown pigmented skin, and originating from Europe, parts of Northern Africa and Central, South, and Western Asia.
  3. adjective (by extension) Of a person: having a white complexion and European ancestry; white.
  4. noun A native or inhabitant of the Caucasus.
  5. noun (alcoholic beverages, humorous) Synonym of White Russian (“a cocktail consisting of coffee liqueur, milk, and vodka”).
  6. noun (anthropology, dated) A member of the Caucasian racial classification (adjective sense 2).
  7. noun (linguistics) A group of languages spoken in the Caucasus region.
  8. noun (Canada, US) A white person.

Synonyms

Caucasic Caucasoid Europid White Russian abelungu ang moh Angrez balanda béké bule cac cornstarch crusader cracker cumskin Eurangutan European farang firangi gringo gora White White person Caucasian language

Etymology

From Caucasus (“mountain range in Eastern Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea”) + -ian (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘from, related to, or like’, or forming nouns with the sense ‘one from, belonging to, relating to, or like’). The anthropological sense (no longer regarded as scientific) was popularized by the German anthropologist and physician Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840), based on the belief that the first humans originated from there.
Noun sense 2 (“cocktail”) was popularized by the film The Big Lebowski (1998): see the quotation.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Of or pertaining to the Caucasus, a mountainous region between the Black and Caspian seas.
  2. adjective Of or pertaining to the white races of mankind, of whom the people about Mount Caucasus were formerly taken as the type.
  3. noun A native or inhabitant of the Caucasus, esp. a Circassian or Georgian.
  4. noun A member of any of the white races of mankind.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “caucasian”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details