Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

Russian

/ˈɹʌʃ(ə)n/ adjective, noun, proper noun, verb

Forms Russians Russianing Russianed Ru.

  1. adjective Of or pertaining to Russia or Russians.
  2. adjective (dated) Of or pertaining to the Soviet Union.
  3. adjective (dated) Of or pertaining to Rus.
  4. adjective Of or pertaining to the Russian language.
  5. noun (countable) A native or inhabitant of Russia.
  6. noun (countable) A person of an East Slavic ethnic group which is native to, and constitutes the majority of the population of, Russia; an ethnic Russian.
  7. noun (countable, obsolete) A person from the Soviet Union.
  8. noun (uncountable) The Russian language.
  9. noun A domestic cat breed.
  10. noun A cat of this breed.
  11. noun (juggling, rare in the singular) A type of juggling ball with a hard outer shell, filled with salt, sand or another similar substance.
  12. noun (MLE, slang) Someone from or around Brandon Estate (also known as Moscow).
  13. proper noun A surname.
  14. verb (transitive, obsolete) To compel or force someone as a result of Russian influence or pressure.
  15. adjective (slang, humorous, offensive, derogatory) Russian.
  16. noun (slang, humorous, offensive, derogatory) A Russian person.

Synonyms

Muscovite Rossiyan Russ Soviet

Etymology

From Medieval Latin (11th century) Russiānus, from Russia, a Latinization of the Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ)) + -ānus (“of or pertaining to”). Attested in English (both as a noun and as an adjective) from the 16th century. By surface analysis, Russia + -an. Piecewise doublet of Rossiyan.

Blend of Russian + SS (“Schutzstaffel”), implying that the Russian character is fascistic. Compare with Russian руSSкий (ruSSkij).

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Of or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language.
  2. adjective A native or inhabitant of Russia; the language of Russia.

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “Russian”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details