Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

citation

UK /ˌsaɪˈteɪʃn̩/ · US /ˌsaɪˈteɪʃən/ noun

Forms citations

  1. noun An official summons or notice given to a person to appear.
  2. noun The paper containing such summons or notice.
  3. noun The act of citing a passage from a text, or from another person, using the exact words of the original text or speech and giving credit to the original by referencing.
  4. noun An entry in a list of sources from which information was taken, typically following a prescribed bibliographical style; a reference.
  5. noun An instance of having had one's work cited. “She has over 1,000 citations.”
  6. noun The passage or words quoted; a quotation.
  7. noun (lexicography) A quotation with attached bibliographical details demonstrating the use of a particular lexical item in a dictionary, especially a dictionary on historical principles.
  8. noun Enumeration; mention. “It's a simple citation of facts.”

Synonyms

invocation subpoena summons writ of summons cite quotation quote listing numbering telling counting enumeration numeration commendation acknowledgment credit reference mention

Etymology

From Middle English citacioun, from Old French citation, from Latin citātiō. By surface analysis, cite + -ation.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun An official summons or notice given to a person to appear; the paper containing such summons or notice.
  2. noun The act of citing a passage from a book, or from another person, in his own words; also, the passage or words quoted; quotation.

Etymology [F. citation, LL. citatio, fr.L. citare to cite. See Cite]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “citation”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details