Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

cognate

UK /ˈkɒɡn(e)ɪt/ · US /ˈkɑɡn(e)ɪt/ adjective, noun

Forms cognates cogn.

  1. adjective Allied by blood; kindred by birth; specifically (law) related on the mother's side.
  2. adjective Of the same or a similar nature; of the same family; proceeding from the same stock or root.
  3. adjective (linguistics) Descended from the same source lexemes (same etymons) of an ancestor language.
  4. noun One of a number of things allied in origin or nature.
  5. noun (law, dated) One who is related to another on the female side.
  6. noun (law, dated) One who is related to another, both having descended from a common ancestor through legal marriages.
  7. noun (linguistics) A word either descended from the same base word of the same ancestor language as the given word, or judged to be a regular reflex of the same reconstructed root of proto-language as the given word.

Synonyms

akin same-blooded consanguine consanguineous consanguineal natural allied kindred connate blood relation blood relative sib cognate word blood-related kin

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cognātus (“related by blood”), from co- + gnātus (“born”). Compare Portuguese cognato and Spanish cognado. Doublet of connate and cognatus.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Allied by blood; kindred by birth; specifically (Law), related on the mother's side.
  2. adjective Of the same or a similar nature; of the same family; proceeding from the same stock or root; allied; kindred; as, a cognate language.
  3. noun One who is related to another on the female side. Wharton.
  4. noun One of a number of things allied in origin or nature; as, certain letters are cognates.

Etymology [L. cognatus; co- + gnatus, natus, p. p. of nasci, anciently gnasci, to be born. See Nation, and cf. Connate.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “cognate”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “cognate” (best matches first).