Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

derogate

/ˈdɛɹəɡeɪt/ verb, adjective

Forms derogates derogating derogated

  1. verb (transitive) To partially repeal (a law etc.).
  2. verb (transitive) To detract from (something); to disparage, belittle.
  3. verb (ambitransitive) To take away (something from something else) in a way which leaves it lessened.
  4. verb (intransitive) To detract from (a quality of excellence, authority etc.).
  5. verb (intransitive) To act in a manner below oneself; to debase oneself.
  6. adjective (obsolete, as a participle) Derogated, annulled in part.
  7. adjective (archaic) Debased, deteriorated.

Synonyms

vilify depreciate downplay bagatellize banalize belittle cut down de-emphasize denigrate degrade deprecate disparage dispraise lilliputianize make little of make nothing of minimize play down set at nought superficialize

Antonyms

praise laud glorify big up cut it fat exaggerate hyperbolize overcharge overdo overemphasize overstate play up

Etymology

Inherited from Late Middle English derogaten, from derogat(e) (“annulled, abrogated”, used participially and later as the past participle of derogaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix) borrowed from Latin dērogātus, perfect passive participle of dērogō (“to annul, repeal part of a law, take away, detract from”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from dē- (“from”) + rogō (“to ask, enquire; to propose a law”). Sporadic participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.

Inherited from Middle English derogat(e) (“annulled, abrogated”, used participially and later as the past participle of derogaten), see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To annul in part; to repeal partly; to restrict; to limit the action of; --said of a law. By several contrary customs, . . . many of the civil and canon laws are controlled and derogated. Sir M. Hale.
  2. verb To lessen; to detract from; to disparage; to depreciate; --said of a person or thing. [R.]
  3. verb To take away; to detract; to withdraw; --usually with from.
  4. verb To act beneath one-s rank, place, birth, or character; to degenerate. [R.]

Etymology [L. derogatus, p. p. of derogare to derogate; de- + rogare to ask, to ask the people about a law. See Rogation.]

Etymology [L. derogatus, p. p.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “derogate”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details