Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

go by

verb

Forms goes by going by went by gone by

verb (intransitive) To pass or go past without much interaction. “I like to sit and watch the world go by. The rest of the day went by quickly.”
verb (transitive) To be called, to use as a name. “His full name is Ernest Tinkleton, but he goes by Ernie.”
verb (transitive, with gender pronouns as object) To suggest or request that other people use a specific set of gender pronouns when referring to the subject. “I go by they/them pronouns.”
verb (transitive) To follow; to assume as true for the purposes of making a decision, taking an action, etc. “I'm only going by what my teacher said.”

Synonyms

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 — from the Wiktionary entry “go by”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details