Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

gothic

UK /ˈɡɒθ.ɪk/ · US /ˈɡɑ.θɪk/ proper noun, adjective, noun

Forms Gothics Gothick goffick

  1. proper noun An extinct Germanic language, once spoken by the Goths.
  2. proper noun Certain moths of the family Noctuidae.
  3. proper noun A particular species of moth of the family Noctuidae, Naenia typica.
  4. adjective Of or relating to the Goths or their language.
  5. adjective (figuratively) Barbarous, rude, unpolished, belonging to the “Dark Ages”, medieval as opposed to classical.
  6. adjective (architecture) Of or relating to the architectural style favored in Western Europe in the 12th to 16th centuries, with high-pointed arches, clustered columns, etc. “Gothic arches”
  7. adjective (literature) Of or relating to the style of fictional writing associated with Gothic fiction, emphasizing violent or macabre events in a mysterious, desolate setting. “Gothic tales”
  8. adjective (typography, England) Synonym of black letter. “Gothic letters”
  9. adjective (typography, US) Of a sans serif typeface using straight, even-width lines, also known as grotesque or lineal.
  10. adjective Of or relating to the goth subculture, music or lifestyle. “Gothic rock”
  11. noun A novel written in the Gothic style.

Synonyms

barbarous medieval rude unpolished animalistic barbarian barbaric barbarious brutal brutish Gothlike grim heathen heathenish heathenly heathenous incivil pagan savage tenebrose black letter Gothic architecture mediaeval

Antonyms

classical

Etymology

From goth + -ic, see Gothic.

From Late Latin gothicus (“Gothic, barbaric”), from Ancient Greek Γοτθικός (Gotthikós), from Ancient Greek Γότθοι (Gótthoi, “Goths”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”), proposed to derive from unattested Gothic *𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌰 (*guta). Equivalent to Goth + -ic. The various usages of the adjective are introduced nearly simultaneously in the first half of the 17th century. The literal meaning “of the Goths” is found in the 1611 preface of the King James Bible, in reference to the Gothicke tongue. The generalized meaning of “Germanic, Teutonic” appears in the 1640s. Reference to the medieval period in Western Europe, and specifically the architecture of that period (“barbaric style”, initially a term of abuse), also appears in the 1640s, as does reference to “Gothic characters” or “Gothic letters” in typography.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude; barbarous.
  2. adjective Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions --prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See Illust.
  3. noun The language of the Goths; especially, the language of that part of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See Goth.
  4. noun A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines.

Etymology [L. Gothicus: cf. F. gothique.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “gothic”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details