Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

hobnob

UK /ˈhɒbnɒb/ · US /ˈhɑbˌnɑb/ noun, verb, adjective, adverb

Forms hobnobs hobnobbing hobnobbed hob-and-nob hob-nob

  1. noun (obsolete) A toast made while touching glasses together.
  2. noun A drinking together.
  3. noun An informal chat. “The three friends had a hobnob outside the bar.”
  4. verb (intransitive) To drink together.
  5. verb (intransitive, often derogatory) To associate with in a friendly manner, often with those of a higher class or status; to fraternize. “The ambitious young student hobnobbed with the faculty at the prestigious college he hoped to attend.”
  6. verb (intransitive, obsolete, rare) To have or have not; to give or take.
  7. verb (intransitive, obsolete) To toast one another by touching glasses.
  8. adjective On friendly terms; in friendly association.
  9. adverb (obsolete) At random; at a venture; hit and miss.

Synonyms

fraternize rub elbows rub shoulders

Etymology

From hob and nob, hob or nob (“a phrase spoken when making a toast, possibly meaning ‘give and take’; to take turns toasting or buying rounds of drinks”) (archaic), from dialectal hab nab (“to have or have not, in the sense of an invitation to have a drink”), from Old English habban (“to have, possess”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to grab, seize”)) + nabban (“to not have”) (from ne (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *né (“not”)) + habban).

Webster’s 1913

  1. adverb Have or have not; --a familiar invitation to reciprocal drinking.
  2. adverb At random; hit or miss. (Obs.) Holinshed.
  3. verb To drink familiarly (with another). [ Written also hob-a-nob.]
  4. verb To associate familiarly; to be on intimate terms.

Etymology [AS. habban to have + habban to have not; ne not + habban to have. See Have, and cf. Habnab.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “hobnob”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details