Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

inoculate

UK /ɪˈnɒkjuleɪt/ · US /ɪˈnɑːkjuleɪt/ verb, noun

Forms inoculates inoculating inoculated innoculate

  1. verb (transitive, immunology) To introduce an antigenic substance or vaccine into something (e.g. the body) or someone, such as to produce immunity to a specific disease.
  2. verb (transitive, by extension) To safeguard or protect something as if by inoculation. “Her upbringing overseas inoculated her against prejudice.”
  3. verb (transitive) To add one substance to another. “The culture medium was inoculated with selenium to investigate the rate of uptake.”
  4. verb (transitive) To graft by inserting buds. “to inoculate the bud of one tree or plant into another”
  5. verb (figurative, transitive) To introduce into the mind (used especially of harmful ideas or principles). “to inoculate someone with treason or infidelity”
  6. noun Synonym of inoculum.

Synonyms

immunize vaccinate vaccine spike imbue implant inoculum immunise

Etymology

First attested in c. 1440; inherited from Middle English inoculaten (“to graft”), from Latin inoculātus, perfect passive participle of inoculō (“to ingraft an eye or bud of one plant into (another), implant”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from in- (“in”) + oculus (“an eye”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix).

Back-formation from inoculation, see -ate (noun-forming suffix).

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To bud; to insert, or graft, as the bud of a tree or plant in another tree or plant.
  2. verb To insert a foreign bud into; as, to inoculate a tree.
  3. verb To graft by inserting buds.
  4. verb To communicate disease by inoculation.

Etymology [L. inoculatus, p.p. of inoculare to ingraft; pref. in- in,on + oculare to furnish with eyes, fr. oculus an eye, also, a bud. See Ocular.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “inoculate”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details