Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

keel

/kiːl/ noun, verb

Forms keels keeling keeled

  1. noun (nautical) A large beam along the underside of a ship’s hull from bow to stern.
  2. noun (nautical) A rigid, flat piece of material anchored to the lowest part of the hull of a ship to give it greater control and stability.
  3. noun (aeronautics) In a dirigible, a construction similar in form and use to a ship's keel; in an aeroplane, a fin or fixed surface employed to increase stability and to hold the machine to its course.
  4. noun (by extension) The rigid bottom part of something else, especially an iceberg.
  5. noun (nautical) A type of flat-bottomed boat.
  6. noun (zoology) The periphery of a whorl extended to form a more or less flattened plate; a prominent spiral ridge.
  7. noun (botany) The two lowest petals of the corolla of a papilionaceous flower, united and enclosing the stamens and pistil; a carina.
  8. noun (ornithology) The extension of a bird's sternum to which pectoral muscles attach.
  9. verb (intransitive, in keel over) To collapse, to fall. “He keeled over after having a stroke.”
  10. verb To traverse with a keel; to navigate.
  11. verb To turn up the keel; to show the bottom.
  12. verb (transitive, obsolete) To cool; make cool; to cool by stirring or skimming in order to keep from boiling over.
  13. verb (transitive, obsolete) To moderate the ardour or intensity of; assuage; to appease, pacify, or lessen.
  14. verb (intransitive, obsolete) To become cool; cool down.
  15. noun (brewing) A broad, flat vessel used for cooling liquids; a brewer's cooling vat; a keelfat.
  16. noun (Scotland) Red chalk; ruddle.
  17. verb (Scotland, transitive) To mark with ruddle.

Synonyms

carina stagger reel lurch swag careen

Etymology

From Middle English kele, from Old Norse kjǫlr, itself from Proto-Germanic *keluz, of uncertain origin. Displaced Old English ċēol from a related root. Distantly related to kile.

From Middle English kelen, from Old English cēlan (“to cool, to make or become cool”), from Proto-West Germanic *kōlijan, from Proto-Germanic *kōlijaną (“to cool”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian käile, köile (“to cool”), Dutch koelen (“to cool”), German Low German köhlen (“to cool”), German kühlen (“to cool”), Danish køle (“to cool”), Icelandic kæla (“to cool”).

Probably from Scottish Gaelic cìl (“ruddle”).

Compare Scots kele, keil, keill (“to put to death, kill”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To cool; to akin or stir [Obs.]
  2. noun A brewer's cooling vat; a keelfat.
  3. noun A longitudinal timber, or series of timbers scarfed together, extending from stem to stern along the bottom of a vessel. It is the principal timber of the vessel, and, by means of the ribs attached on each side, supports the vessel's frame. In an iron vessel, a combination of plates supplies the place of the keel of a wooden ship. See Illust. of Keelson.
  4. noun Fig.: The whole ship.

Etymology [AS. c to cool, fr. c cool. See Cool.]

Etymology [Cf. AS. ceól ship; akin to D. & G. kiel keel, OHG. chiol ship, Icel. kj, and perh. to Gr. gla ball, round water vessel. But the meaning of the English word seems to come from Icel. kjölr keel, akin to Sw. köl, Dan. kjöl.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “keel”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details