Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

kipper

/ˈkɪpə(ɹ)/ noun, verb, adjective, proper noun

Forms kippers kippering kippered

  1. noun A split, salted and smoked herring or salmon.
  2. noun A male salmon after spawning.
  3. noun (military, RAF World War II code name) A patrol to protect fishing boats in the Irish and North Seas against attack from the air.
  4. noun (UK, naval slang) A torpedo.
  5. noun (Australia, slang) An Englishman who has moved to Australia.
  6. noun (Australia) A young Aboriginal man who has been initiated into to the rights of manhood.
  7. noun (Canada, military, slang) An English person.
  8. noun A fool.
  9. verb (cooking) To prepare (a herring or similar fish) by splitting, salting, and smoking.
  10. verb (by extension) To damage or treat with smoke.
  11. verb To dry out with heat or harsh chemicals; to desiccate.
  12. verb To drink or give a drink of alcohol, especially to intoxication.
  13. verb To punish by spanking or caning.
  14. verb To lead astray or frame; to cause to get into trouble.
  15. verb To utterly defeat or humiliate.
  16. adjective (fishing, especially of salmon) Out of season.
  17. adjective (of a tie) Very wide, shaped like a kipper.
  18. noun (UK, informal, humorous, often with capital) A member or supporter of UKIP (UK Independence Party).
  19. adjective (UK, dialect) lively; chipper; nimble.
  20. proper noun A surname.

Synonyms

kippered herring

Etymology

From Old English cypera (“male salmon”), perhaps related to Old English coper (“reddish-brown metal”) (see copper), on resemblance of color. Another theory connects it to kip (“sharp, hooked lower jaw of the male salmon in breeding season”), from Middle English kippen (“to seize, snatch”), but OED doubts this.

Short form of UKIP + -er, influenced by kipper, the type of fish.

Perhaps akin to Old Norse kjapt (“briskly; impetuously”), kippa ("to snatch; pull; jerk" > Middle English kippen (“to seize”)), kipra (“to wrinkle; draw tightly”), Norwegian kjapp (“fast; brisk”), Dutch kippen (“to seize; catch; grip”). More at kip.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A salmon after spawning.
  2. noun A salmon split open, salted, and dried or smoked; --so called because salmon after spawning were usually so cured, not being good when fresh. [Scot.] Kipper time, the season in which fishing for salmon is forbidden. [Eng. & Scot.]
  3. verb To cure, by splitting, salting, and smoking. "Kippered salmon." Dickens.
  4. adjective Amorous; also, lively; light-footed; nimble; gay; sprightly.

Etymology [D. kippen to hatch, snatch, seize. Cf. Kipe.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “kipper”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details