Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

old boy

noun

Forms old boys OB

noun (chiefly UK) An alumnus, especially of a public school.
noun A former member of a group.
noun A man with an established network of friends who assist one another in social and business situations; a good old boy.
noun (UK, informal) An elderly man. “I got talking to an old boy in the pub, and he told me what the village used to be like in the old days.”
noun (UK, dated) A familiar term of address for a man of any age. “Listen, old boy, I've got some news.”

Synonyms

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 — from the Wiktionary entry “old boy”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details