Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

optional

UK /ˈɒp.ʃə.nəl/ · US /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/ adjective, noun

Forms optionals

  1. adjective Not compulsory; left to personal choice; elective. “On that beach clothing is entirely optional.”
  2. noun Something that is not compulsory, especially part of an academic course.
  3. noun (programming, sometimes capitalized) In various programming languages, a kind of variable that is assigned a specific data type but may or may not hold an actual value.

Synonyms

facultative discretionary elective free noncompulsory nonmandatory nonobligate nonobligatory nonrequired nonrequisite optionary unrequired volitional voluntary

Antonyms

compulsory mandatory necessary obligatory binding compulsatory decretory forced imperative involuntary nonoptional required

Etymology

From option + -al.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Involving an option; depending on the exercise of an option; left to one's discretion or choice; not compulsory; as, optional studies; it is optional with you to go or stay.
  2. adjective See Elective, n. If to the former the movement was not optional, it was the same that the latter chose when it was optional. Palfrey.

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “optional”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “optional” (best matches first).

All 20 Sanskrit matches →