Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

sanction

/ˈseɪ̯ŋkʃən/ noun, verb

Forms sanctions sanctioning sanctioned

  1. noun An approval, by an authority, generally one that makes something valid. “The whalers had been operating in the contested waters off the island with sanction from the Japanese government.”
  2. noun (chiefly in the plural) A penalty, punishment, or some coercive measure, intended to ensure compliance; especially one adopted by several nations, or by an international body. “The United States enacted a new round of sanctions against the apartheid regime of South Africa.”
  3. noun A law, treaty, or contract, or a clause within a law, treaty, or contract, specifying any of the above.
  4. verb (transitive) To ratify; to make valid.
  5. verb (transitive) To give official authorization or approval to; to countenance.
  6. verb (transitive) To penalize (a state etc.) with sanctions.

Synonyms

approbation consent accedence accession allowance approval assent assentment authorization OK correction punishment boycott embargo censure discipline penalty punition sentence ban countenance endorsement indorsement warrant imprimatur authority authorisation approve O.K. okay

Antonyms

permission endorsement support confirmation allowance backing

Etymology

From Middle French sanction, from Latin sānctiō.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun Solemn or ceremonious ratification; an official act of a superior by which he ratifies and gives validity to the act of some other person or body; establishment or furtherance of anything by authority to it; confirmation; approbation.
  2. noun Anything done or said to enforce the will, law, or authority of another; as, legal sanctions.
  3. verb To give sanction to; to ratify; to confirm; to approve.

Etymology [L. sanctio, from sancire, samctum to render sacred or inviolable, to fix unalternably: cf. F. sanction. See Saint.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “sanction”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “sanction” (best matches first).