Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

almost

UK /ˈɔːl.məʊst/ · US /ˈɔl.moʊst/ adverb, noun

Forms almosts aulmos

adverb Very close to, but not quite. “Almost all people went there.”
adverb (mathematics) Up to, except for a negligible set (where negligible is not universally but contextually defined). “almost all”
adverb (measure theory, probability theory) Up to a null set; except for a set of measure 0. “almost everywhere”
noun (informal) Something or someone that doesn't quite make it. “In all the submissions, they found four papers that were clearly worth publishing and another dozen almosts.”

Synonyms

From Middle English almost, from Old English eallmǣst (“nearly all, almost, for the most part”), equivalent to al- (“all”) + most.

Etymology [AS. ealmæst, ælmæst, quite the most, almost all; eal (OE. al) all + m most.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “almost”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “almost” (best matches first).

उपदश upa-daśa almost ten, nearly ten.
उपचतुर upa-catura almost four, nearly four.
जीर्णक jīrṇaka almost dried up or withered.
नोत् not or nod, ind., Vedic almost, nearly.
पचतिकल्प pacati-kalpa or ( am ), ind. almost cooked or ripened, (also in a similar sense pacatideśya and pacati-deśīya. )
धन्व dhanva a bow, (in the classical language almost always at the end of an adj. comp.; cf. priya-dh˚ ); ( as ), m., na…
प्रायशस् prāya-śas for the most part, mostly, almost, in all probability, always, commonly, generally, usually; (sometimes wron…
अन्तरा antarā in the middle, in the interior, inside, within, among, between; on the way, by the way; in the neighbourhood…