Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

up

/ʌp/ adverb, preposition, adjective, noun, verb

Forms ups upping upped

  1. adverb Away from the surface of the Earth or other planet; in opposite direction to the downward pull of gravity. “I looked up and saw the airplane overhead.”
  2. adverb To or at a physically higher or more elevated position. “All day we climbed up and up.”
  3. adverb To an upright or erect position. “sit up; stand up; get up out of bed”
  4. adverb (figuratively) To a higher level of some quantity or notional quantity, such as price, volume, pitch, happiness, etc. “Gold has gone up with the uncertainty in the world markets.”
  5. adverb To or towards what is considered the top of something, irrespective of whether this is presently physically higher. “Go back up to the top of the page.”
  6. adverb To the north (as north is at the top of typical maps). “I live in Florida, but I'm going up to New York to visit my family this weekend.”
  7. adverb Towards or at a central place, or any place that is visualised as ‘up’ by virtue of local features or local convention, or arbitrarily, irrespective of direction or elevation change. “We travelled from Yorkshire up to London.”
  8. adverb (rail transport) Towards the principal terminus, towards milepost zero.
  9. preposition Toward the top of. “The cat climbed up the tree.”
  10. preposition Toward the center, source, or main point of reference; toward the end at which something is attached. “The information made its way up the chain of command to the general.”
  11. preposition From south to north of. “We sailed up the East Coast of England from Ipswich to South Shields.”
  12. preposition Further along (in any direction). “Go up the street until you see the sign.”
  13. preposition From the mouth towards the source of (a river or waterway). “He led an expedition up the Amazon.”
  14. preposition (vulgar slang) Of a person: having sex with. “Phwoar, look at that bird. I'd love to be up her.”
  15. preposition (colloquial) At (a given place, especially one imagined to be higher or more distant from a central location). “I'll see you later up the snooker club.”
  16. adjective Facing upwards. “Turn the cloth over so that the patterned side is up.”
  17. adjective On or at a physically higher level. “The flood waters are up again across large areas of the country.”
  18. adjective Headed or designated to go upward (as an escalator, stairway, elevator etc.) or toward (as a run-up). “Where is the up escalator?”
  19. adjective Fitted or fixed at a high or relatively high position, especially on a wall or ceiling. “All the notices are up now.”
  20. adjective (by extension) Available to view or use; made public; posted. “Is your new video up yet? I looked on the website, but I couldn't find it.”

Synonyms

alley oop upright astir improving upward upwards upwardly

Antonyms

down

Etymology

From Middle English up, op, oup, from Old English upp, up, ūp (“up”), from Proto-West Germanic *upp, *ūp, from Proto-Germanic *upp, *eup (“up”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian ap (“up”), West Frisian op (“up”), Dutch op (“up”), German Low German up, op (“up”), German auf (“up”), Danish op (“up”), Swedish upp (“up”), Icelandic upp (“up”), Gothic 𐌹𐌿𐍀 (iup, “up”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. adverb Aloft; on high; in a direction contrary to that of gravity; toward or in a higher place or position; above; --the opposite of Ant: down.
  2. adverb Hence, in many derived uses, specifically: -- (a) From a lower to a higher position, literally or figuratively; as, from a recumbent or sitting position; from the mouth, toward the source, of a river; from a dependent or inferior condition; from concealment; from younger age; from a quiet state, or the like; --used with verbs of motion expressed or implied.
  3. preposition From a lower to a higher place on, upon, or along; at a higher situation upon; at the top of. In going up a hill, the knees will be most weary; in going down, the thihgs. Bacon.
  4. preposition From the coast towards the interior of, as a country; from the mouth towards the source of, as a stream; as, to journey up the country; to sail up the Hudson.

Etymology [AS. up, upp, ; akin to OFries. up, op, D. op, OS. , OHG. , G. auf, Icel. upp, Dan. op, Goth. iup, and probably to E. over. See Over.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “up”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details