Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

witness

/ˈwɪt.nɪs/ noun, verb

Forms witnesses witnessing witnessed witnesse witneße

  1. noun (uncountable) Attestation of a fact or event; testimony. “She can bear witness, since she was there at the time.”
  2. noun (countable) One who sees or has personal knowledge of something. “As a witness to the event, I can confirm that he really said that.”
  3. noun (countable, law) Someone called to give evidence in a court. “The witness for the prosecution did not seem very credible.”
  4. noun (countable) One who is called upon to witness an event or action, such as a wedding or the signing of a document. “The bridesmaid and best man at a wedding typically serve as the witnesses.”
  5. noun (countable) Something that serves as evidence; a sign or token.
  6. noun (textual criticism) A particular version of a text (seen as providing testimony of archetype or other earlier version)
  7. noun (countable, databases) An additional database server instance used in failover scenarios to decide whether the mirror should take over.
  8. verb (transitive) To furnish proof of, to show. “This certificate witnesses his presence on that day.”
  9. verb (transitive) To take as evidence.
  10. verb (transitive) To see or gain knowledge of through experience. “He witnessed the accident.”
  11. verb (intransitive, construed with to or for) To present personal religious testimony; to preach at (someone) or on behalf of.
  12. verb To see the execution of (a legal instrument), and subscribe it for the purpose of establishing its authenticity. “to witness a bond or a deed”
  13. noun A Jehovah's Witness.

Synonyms

certify witnesser informant spectator viewer watcher looker attestant attestor attestator find see

Etymology

From Middle English witnesse, from Old English ġewitnes, equivalent to wit + -ness. Cognate with Middle Dutch wetenisse (“witness, testimony”), Old High German gewiznessi (“testimony”), Icelandic vitni (“witness”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun Attestation of a fact or an event; testimony.
  2. noun That which furnishes evidence or proof.
  3. verb To see or know by personal presence; to have direct cognizance of. This is but a faint sketch of the incalculable calamities and horrors we must expect, should we ever witness the triumphs of modern infidelity. R. Hall.
  4. verb To give testimony to; to testify to; to attest.

Etymology [AS. witness, gewitnes, from witan to know. sq. root133. See Wit, v. i.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “witness”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “witness” (best matches first).

All 42 Sanskrit matches →