Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

artificial

UK /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/ · US /ˌɑɹ.təˈfɪʃ.əl/ adjective

  1. adjective Man-made; made by humans; of artifice. “The flowers were artificial, and he thought them rather tacky.”
  2. adjective Insincere; fake, forced, or feigned. “Her manner was somewhat artificial.”
  3. adjective Not natural or normal: imposed arbitrarily or without regard to the specifics or normal circumstances of a person, a situation, etc.
  4. adjective (taxonomy) Based on characteristics useful for identification, without regard for the formal differences used in classification.
  5. adjective (bridge) Conveying some meaning other than the actual contents of one's hand.

Synonyms

conventional artificious factitious unreal contrived hokey stilted

Antonyms

natural antonym(s) of

Etymology

From Middle English artificial (“man-made”) via Old French (modern French artificiel), from Latin artificiālis from artificium (“skill”), from artifex, from ars (“skill”), and -fex, from facere (“to make”). Displaced native Old English cræftlīċ.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers.
  2. adjective Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. "Artificial tears." Shak.

Etymology [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See Artifice.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “artificial”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “artificial” (best matches first).

All 57 Sanskrit matches →