Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iː	see	ɪ	sit	e / ɛ	bed	æ	cat
ɑː	father	ɒ	hot (UK)	ɔː	law	ʊ	put
uː	too	ʌ	cup	ɜː	bird	ə	about
eɪ	day	aɪ	my	ɔɪ	boy	aʊ	now
əʊ / oʊ	go (UK / US)	ɪə	near	eə	hair	ʊə	tour

Consonants that look unusual

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

chewing

noun

Also a form of chew

Forms chewings

noun The act by which something is chewed on; mastication.
noun (drugs) The consumption of (the juice from) the khat plant.
noun (drugs) The consumption of loose leaf tobacco juice from tobacco plants by chewing leaves near the cheek.

Synonyms

chew mastication manduction

Etymology

From Middle English chewyng, chewynge, from Old English ċīwung, ċȳwung, ċēowung (“chewing”), equivalent to chew + -ing.

From Middle English chewynge, chewand, from Old English *ċēowende, from Proto-Germanic *kewwandz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *kewwaną (“to chew”), equivalent to chew + -ing.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 — from the Wiktionary entry “chewing”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “chewing” (best matches first).

रोमन्थायमान romanthāyamāna ruminating, chewing the cud.
सङ्खादत् saṅ-khādat chewing well, masticating; devouring.
असंसूक्तगिल a-saṃsūkta-gila swallowing whole or without chewing (said of Rudra's dogs).
चर्वण carvaṇa chewing; ( am ), n. chewing, masticating; sipping, tasting; food which must be chewed, solid food.
खादन khādana a tooth; ( ā ), f., name of a wife of king Megha-vāhana; ( am ), n. chewing, eating; food, victuals.
भस्मन् bhasman chewing, consuming, Vedic; ( a ), n. ‘what is crushed or consumed by fire,’ what is reduced to ashes, ashes;
खाद khāda eating, devouring, (at the end of compounds, e.g. amitra-khāda, vṛtra-khāda, q.v.); ( as ), m. chewing, eati…
रोमन्थ romantha ruminating, chewing the cud, ( gagaṇa-romantha, as, m. ‘ruminating on the sky, ‘nonsense, absurdity); chewin…

All 12 Sanskrit matches →