Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

ditto

UK /ˈdɪtəʊ/ · US /ˈdɪtoʊ/ noun, adverb, verb, interjection

Forms dittos dittoes dittoing dittoed

  1. noun That which was stated before, the aforesaid, the above, the same, likewise.
  2. noun The ditto mark, 〃; a symbol, represented by two apostrophes, inverted commas, or quotation marks (" "), indicating that the item preceding is to be repeated.
  3. noun (historical, in the plural) A suit of clothes of the same color throughout.
  4. noun (education, now uncommon) A copy made by (run off by) a ditto machine (especially, a worksheet thus reproduced). “Please run off twenty-four dittos of this assignment for my students.”
  5. noun (by extension) A copy; an imitation.
  6. adverb As said before, likewise.
  7. verb (transitive) To repeat the aforesaid, the earlier action etc.
  8. verb (US, ambitransitive) To make a copy using a ditto machine.
  9. interjection Used as an expression of agreement with what another person has said, or to indicate that what they have said equally applies to the person being addressed. “I'm really busy today! —Ditto!”

Synonyms

ditto mark ditto sign do. do ape echo

Etymology

First attested in 1625. From regional Italian ditto, variant of detto, past participle of dire (“to say”), from Latin dīcō (“to say, to speak”). Not related to English dittography.
The specific meaning of making copies of paper comes from ditto machine, a genericization from the brand name of a spirit duplicator.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun The aforesaid thing; the same (as before). Often contracted to do., or to two "turned commas" ("), or small marks. Used in bills, books of account, tables of names, etc., to save repetition.
  2. adverb As before, or aforesaid; in the same manner; also.

Etymology [It., detto, ditto, fr. L. dictum. See Dictum.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “ditto”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details