Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

downstream

/ˌdaʊnˈstɹiːm/ adjective, adverb, verb

Forms further downstream farther downstream furthest downstream farthest downstream downstreams downstreaming downstreamed

adjective Toward the lower part of a stream; with the current (of a river, brook, or other flow of fluid).
adjective (figurative) Occurring later than something else; (also, usually, especially) influenced by something else; being a consequence of something else. “Input validation is downstream of input entry in the runtime process.”
adjective (computer networking) In the direction from the server to the client.
adjective (biology) Towards the 3′ end of a DNA molecule.
adverb Following the path of a river or stream. “We spent the day paddling downstream in our canoes.”
verb To stream downward.
verb (open-source software, transitive) Of the original developers: to make available (a version or patch) to downstream developers and users of the software.

Synonyms

From down- + stream.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “downstream”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details