Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

“hough” is a form of

hock

UK /hɒk/ · US /hɑk/ noun, verb, proper noun

Forms hocks hocking hocked hak

  1. noun A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or still, from the Hochheim region; often applied to all Rhenish wines.
  2. noun (countable) The tarsal joint of a digitigrade quadruped, such as a horse, pig or dog.
  3. noun Meat from that part of a food animal.
  4. noun (countable) The hollow behind the knee.
  5. verb (transitive) To disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough.
  6. verb (transitive, colloquial) To leave with a pawnbroker as security for a loan.
  7. noun Pawn, obligation as collateral for a loan. “He needed $750 to get his guitar out of hock at the pawnshop.”
  8. noun Debt. “They were in hock to the bank for $35 million.”
  9. noun Installment purchase.
  10. noun Prison.
  11. verb (US) To bother; to pester; to annoy incessantly.
  12. noun (card games) The last card turned up in the game of faro.
  13. proper noun A surname.

Synonyms

Hochheimer hamstring hough hox hocking Rhine wine Rhenish hock-joint pawn soak

Etymology

Clipping of hockamore, from German.

From Middle English hough, hoche, hokke, from Old English hōh, from Proto-West Germanic *hą̄h, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kenk-.
See also West Frisian hakke, Dutch hak, German Low German Hacke, Hack (“heel”); also Lithuanian ki̇̀nka (“leg, thigh, knee-cap”), kenklė̃ (“knee-cap”), Sanskrit कङ्काल (kaṅkāla, “skeleton”).

From the phrase in hock, circa 1855-60, from Dutch hok (“hutch, hovel, jail, pen, doghouse”). Compare also Middle English hukken (“to sell; peddle; sell at auction”), see huck.

From Yiddish האַק (hak), imperative singular form of האַקן (hakn, “to knock”), from the idiomatic expression האַק מיר נישט קיין טשײַניק (hak mir nisht keyn tshaynik, “don't knock a teakettle at me”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or still. The name is also given indiscriminately to all Rhenish wines.
  2. noun The popliteal space; the ham.
  3. verb To disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough.

Etymology [So called from Hochheim, in Germany.]

Etymology [AS. h the heel; prob. akin to Icel. hasinn hock sinew, Dan. hasc, G. hechse, hächse, LG. hacke, D.hak; also to L. coxa hip (cf. Cuisses), Skr. kaksha armpit. sq. root12. Cf. Heel.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “hock”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details