Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

pristine

/ˈprɪˌstin/ adjective

  1. adjective Unspoiled; still with its original purity; uncorrupted or unsullied. “The beach back is in pristine condition after a council-led cleanup.”
  2. adjective Primitive, pertaining to the earliest state of something.
  3. adjective Perfect.
  4. adjective Relating to sawfishes of the family Pristidae.

Synonyms

immaculate spotless unsullied unspoiled pure untouched

Antonyms

corrupted tainted dirty polluted spoiled

Etymology

From Middle French pristin, borrowed from Latin prīstinus.

From Ancient Greek πρίστις (prístis, “saw, sawfish”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Belonging to the earliest period or state; original; primitive; primeval; as, the pristine state of innocence; the pristine manners of a people; pristine vigor.

Etymology [L. pristinus, akin to prior: cf. F. pristin. See Prior, a.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “pristine”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details