Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

refined

/ɹɪˈfaɪnd/ adjective, noun

Also a form of refine

Forms refineds

  1. adjective (of people, obsolete) Sagacious, sometimes (derogatory) oversubtle or feigning sagacity.
  2. adjective (of thought) Subtle, scrupulous, carefully thought out. “The argument, while not persuasive, is quite refined.”
  3. adjective (of processes) Developed, improved. “The curriculum has been carefully refined to meet the needs of foreign students.”
  4. adjective (of language) Elevated and polished. “In the British Isles, Oxbridge is considered refined; Geordie somewhat less so.”
  5. adjective (of people) Elegant, sometimes (derogatory) affected, prissy, or bloodless. “Don Draper was a man of refined tastes.”
  6. adjective (of products) Highly-processed and pure. “Under current guidelines, refined sugar must be at least five times purer than its raw counterpart.”
  7. adjective (of metal) Free of dross or alloy. “The Temple at Jerusalem preferred Tyrian shekels, since even with Ba'al's portrait they bore highly refined silver.”
  8. adjective (of people, obsolete) Morally pure.
  9. noun (finance) The refined form of a commodity, as opposed to its raw or generic form. “We're still purchasing copper ore, but the market for refined is weaker.”

Synonyms

dainty processed polished svelte urbane elegant graceful neat tasteful

Antonyms

unrefined

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate; as; refined gold; refined language; refined sentiments.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “refined”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “refined” (best matches first).

All 22 Sanskrit matches →