Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

“underlies” is a form of

underlie

UK /ˌʌn.dəˈlaɪ/ · US /ˌʌn.dɚˈlaɪ/ verb

Forms underlies underlying underlay underlain

  1. verb (intransitive) To lie in a position directly beneath something.
  2. verb (transitive) To lie under or beneath. “A stratum of clay underlies the surface gravel.”
  3. verb (transitive) To serve as a basis of; form the foundation of.
  4. verb (transitive) To be subject to; be liable to answer, as a charge or challenge.
  5. verb (mining) To underlay.

Synonyms

underpin

Etymology

From Middle English underlien, underliggen, from Old English underliċġan (“to underlie, to be subject to, give way to”), equivalent to under- + lie. Cognate with Dutch onderliggen (“to lie below, lie on the bottom of”), German unterliegen (“to lie under, be subject to, succumb”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To lie under; to rest beneath; to be situated under; as, a stratum of clay underlies the surface gravel.
  2. verb To be at the basis of; to form the foundation of; to support; as, a doctrine underlying a theory.
  3. verb To lie below or under.
  4. noun See Underlay, n., 1.

Etymology [AS. underlicgan. See Under, and Lie to be prostrate.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “underlie”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details