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Monks’ Rules Analysis 43 भिक्खुविभङ्ग 43

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10. Pathavīkhaṇanasikkhāpada

Pāli in Devanagari; under each word its Roman pronunciation, syllable by syllable (ṃ = nasal hum). Tap a Pāli word for its meaning (PTS Pāli-English Dictionary); tap again to open it in the Pāli dictionary.

Verse: 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465 · Hide pronunciation

1. 1

   थेरवादthe·ra·vā·da विनयvi·na·ya

   Theravāda Vinaya

   Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law

2. 2

   महाविभङ्गma·hā·vi·bhaṅ·ga

   Mahāvibhaṅga

   The Great Analysis

3. 3

   पाचित्तियकण्डpā·cit·ti·ya·kaṇ·ḍa

   Pācittiyakaṇḍa

   The chapter on offenses entailing confession

4. 4

   मुसावादवग्गmu·sā·vā·da·vag·ga

   Musāvādavagga

   The subchapter on lying

5. 5

   10। पथवीखणनसिक्खापदpa·tha·vī·kha·ṇa·na·sik·khā·pa·da

   10. Pathavīkhaṇanasikkhāpada

   Digging the earth

6. 6

   Origin story

7. 7

   तेनte·na समयेनsa·ma·ye·na बुद्धोbud·dho भगवाbha·ga·vā आळवियंā·ḷa·vi·yaṃ विहरतिvi·ha·ra·ti अग्गाळवेag·gā·ḷa·ve चेतिये।ce·ti·ye

   Tena samayena buddho bhagavā āḷaviyaṁ viharati aggāḷave cetiye.

   At one time the Buddha was staying at Āḷavī at the Aggāḷava Shrine.

8. 8

   तेनte·na खोkho पनpa·na समयेनsa·ma·ye·na आळवकाā·ḷa·va·kā भिक्खूbhik·khū नवकम्मंna·va·kam·maṃ करोन्ताka·ron·tā पथविंpa·tha·viṃ खणन्तिपिkha·ṇan·ti·pi खणापेन्तिपि।kha·ṇā·pen·ti·pi

   Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karontā pathaviṁ khaṇantipi khaṇāpentipi.

   At that time the monks of Āḷavī were doing building work, and they dug the earth and had it dug.

9. 9

   मनुस्साma·nus·sā उज्झायन्तिuj·jhā·yan·ti खिय्यन्तिkhiy·yan·ti विपाचेन्ति—vi·pā·cen·ti

   Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—

   People complained and criticized them,

10. 10

    “कथञ्हिka·thañ·hi नामnā·ma समणाsa·ma·ṇā सक्यपुत्तियाsak·ya·put·ti·yā पथविंpa·tha·viṃ खणिस्सन्तिपिkha·ṇis·san·ti·pi खणापेस्सन्तिपि।kha·ṇā·pes·san·ti·pi

    “kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā pathaviṁ khaṇissantipi khaṇāpessantipi.

    “How can the Sakyan monastics dig the earth and have it dug?

11. 11

    एकिन्द्रियंe·kin·dri·yaṃ समणाsa·ma·ṇā सक्यपुत्तियाsak·ya·put·ti·yā जीवंjī·vaṃ विहेठेन्ती”ति।vi·he·ṭhen·tī

    Ekindriyaṁ samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jīvaṁ viheṭhentī”ti.

    They are hurting one-sensed life.”

12. 12

    अस्सोसुंas·so·suṃ खोkho भिक्खूbhik·khū तेसंte·saṃ मनुस्सानंma·nus·sā·naṃ उज्झायन्तानंuj·jhā·yan·tā·naṃ खिय्यन्तानंkhiy·yan·tā·naṃ विपाचेन्तानं।vi·pā·cen·tā·naṃ

    Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.

    The monks heard the complaints of those people,

13. 13

    येye तेte भिक्खूbhik·khū अप्पिच्छाap·pic·chā …पे…pe तेte उज्झायन्तिuj·jhā·yan·ti खिय्यन्तिkhiy·yan·ti विपाचेन्ति—vi·pā·cen·ti

    Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—

    and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,

14. 14

    “कथञ्हिka·thañ·hi नामnā·ma आळवकाā·ḷa·va·kā भिक्खूbhik·khū पथविंpa·tha·viṃ खणिस्सन्तिपिkha·ṇis·san·ti·pi खणापेस्सन्तिपी”तिkha·ṇā·pes·san·ti·pī …पे…pe

    “kathañhi nāma āḷavakā bhikkhū pathaviṁ khaṇissantipi khaṇāpessantipī”ti …pe…

    “How can those monks at Āḷavī dig the earth and have it dug?” …

15. 15

    “सच्चंsac·caṃ किरki·ra तुम्हे,tum·he भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve पथविंpa·tha·viṃ खणथपिkha·ṇa·tha·pi खणापेथपी”ति?kha·ṇā·pe·tha·pī

    “saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, pathaviṁ khaṇathapi khaṇāpethapī”ti?

    “Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

16. 16

    “सच्चं,sac·caṃ भगवा”ति।bha·ga·vā

    “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

    “It’s true, sir.”

17. 17

    विगरहिvi·ga·ra·hi बुद्धोbud·dho भगवाbha·ga·vā …पे…pe

    Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…

    The Buddha rebuked them …

18. 18

    कथञ्हिka·thañ·hi नामnā·ma तुम्हे,tum·he मोघपुरिसा,mo·gha·pu·ri·sā पथविंpa·tha·viṃ खणिस्सथपिkha·ṇis·sa·tha·pi खणापेस्सथपि।kha·ṇā·pes·sa·tha·pi

    kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, pathaviṁ khaṇissathapi khaṇāpessathapi.

    “Foolish men, how can you do this?

19. 19

    जीवसञ्ञिनोjī·va·sañ·ñi·no हि,hi मोघपुरिसा,mo·gha·pu·ri·sā मनुस्साma·nus·sā पथविया।pa·tha·vi·yā

    Jīvasaññino hi, moghapurisā, manussā pathaviyā.

    People regard the earth as conscious.

20. 20

    नेतं,ne·taṃ मोघपुरिसा,mo·gha·pu·ri·sā अप्पसन्नानंap·pa·san·nā·naṃ वाvā पसादायpa·sā·dā·ya …पे…pe

    Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…

    This will affect people’s confidence …” …

21. 21

    एवञ्चe·vañ·ca पन,pa·na भिक्खवे,bhik·kha·ve इमंi·maṃ सिक्खापदंsik·khā·pa·daṃ उद्दिसेय्याथ—ud·di·sey·yā·tha

    evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

    “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

22. 22

    Final ruling

23. 23

    “योyo पनpa·na भिक्खुbhik·khu पथविंpa·tha·viṃ खणेय्यkha·ṇey·ya वाvā खणापेय्यkha·ṇā·pey·ya वा,vā पाचित्तियन्”ति।pā·cit·ti·yan

    “Yo pana bhikkhu pathaviṁ khaṇeyya vā khaṇāpeyya vā, pācittiyan”ti.

    ‘If a monk digs the earth or has it dug, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

24. 24

    Definitions

25. 25

    योyo पनातिpa·nā·ti

    Yo panāti

    A:

26. 26

    योyo यादिसोyā·di·so …पे…pe

    yo yādiso …pe…

    whoever …

27. 27

    भिक्खूतिbhik·khū·ti

    bhikkhūti

    Monk:

28. 28

    …पे…pe अयंa·yaṃ इमस्मिंi·mas·miṃ अत्थेat·the अधिप्पेतोa·dhip·pe·to भिक्खूति।bhik·khū·ti

    …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.

    … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

29. 29

    पथवीpa·tha·vī नामnā·ma

    Pathavī nāma

    The earth:

30. 30

    द्वेdve पथवियो—pa·tha·vi·yo जाताjā·tā चca पथवीpa·tha·vī अजाताa·jā·tā चca पथवी।pa·tha·vī

    dve pathaviyo— jātā ca pathavī ajātā ca pathavī.

    there are two kinds of earth: productive earth and unproductive earth.

31. 31

    जाताjā·tā नामnā·ma पथवी—pa·tha·vī

    Jātā nāma pathavī—

    Productive earth:

32. 32

    सुद्धपंसुsud·dha·paṃ·su सुद्धमत्तिकाsud·dha·mat·ti·kā अप्पपासाणाap·pa·pā·sā·ṇā अप्पसक्खराap·pa·sak·kha·rā अप्पकठलाap·pa·ka·ṭha·lā अप्पमरुम्बाap·pa·ma·rum·bā अप्पवालिका,ap·pa·vā·li·kā येभुय्येनपंसुका,ye·bhuy·ye·na·paṃ·su·kā येभुय्येनमत्तिका।ye·bhuy·ye·na·mat·ti·kā

    suddhapaṁsu suddhamattikā appapāsāṇā appasakkharā appakaṭhalā appamarumbā appavālikā, yebhuyyenapaṁsukā, yebhuyyenamattikā.

    pure soil, pure clay, with few stones, with few pebbles, with few potsherds, with little gravel, with little sand; mostly soil, mostly clay.

33. 33

    अदड्ढापिa·daḍ·ḍhā·pi वुच्चतिvuc·ca·ti जाताjā·tā पथवी।pa·tha·vī

    Adaḍḍhāpi vuccati jātā pathavī.

    If it is unburned, it is also called “productive earth”.

34. 34

    योपिyo·pi पंसुपुञ्जोpaṃ·su·puñ·jo वाvā मत्तिकापुञ्जोmat·ti·kā·puñ·jo वाvā अतिरेकचातुमासंa·ti·re·ka·cā·tu·mā·saṃ ओवट्ठो,o·vaṭ·ṭho अयम्पिa·yam·pi वुच्चतिvuc·ca·ti जाताjā·tā पथवी।pa·tha·vī

    Yopi paṁsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā atirekacātumāsaṁ ovaṭṭho, ayampi vuccati jātā pathavī.

    A pile of soil or clay that has been rained on for more than four months—this too is called “productive earth”.

35. 35

    अजाताa·jā·tā नामnā·ma पथवी—pa·tha·vī

    Ajātā nāma pathavī—

    Unproductive earth:

36. 36

    सुद्धपासाणाsud·dha·pā·sā·ṇā सुद्धसक्खराsud·dha·sak·kha·rā सुद्धकठलाsud·dha·ka·ṭha·lā सुद्धमरुम्बाsud·dha·ma·rum·bā सुद्धवालिकाsud·dha·vā·li·kā अप्पपंसुकाap·pa·paṃ·su·kā अप्पमत्तिका,ap·pa·mat·ti·kā येभुय्येनपासाणा,ye·bhuy·ye·na·pā·sā·ṇā येभुय्येनसक्खरा,ye·bhuy·ye·na·sak·kha·rā येभुय्येनकठला,ye·bhuy·ye·na·ka·ṭha·lā येभुय्येनमरुम्बा,ye·bhuy·ye·na·ma·rum·bā येभुय्येनवालिका।ye·bhuy·ye·na·vā·li·kā

    suddhapāsāṇā suddhasakkharā suddhakaṭhalā suddhamarumbā suddhavālikā appapaṁsukā appamattikā, yebhuyyenapāsāṇā, yebhuyyenasakkharā, yebhuyyenakaṭhalā, yebhuyyenamarumbā, yebhuyyenavālikā.

    just stones, just pebbles, just potsherds, just gravel, just sand, with little soil, with little clay; mostly stones, mostly pebbles, mostly potsherds, mostly gravel, mostly sand.

37. 37

    दड्ढापिdaḍ·ḍhā·pi वुच्चतिvuc·ca·ti अजाताa·jā·tā पथवी।pa·tha·vī

    Daḍḍhāpi vuccati ajātā pathavī.

    If it is burned, it is also called “unproductive earth”.

38. 38

    योपिyo·pi पंसुपुञ्जोpaṃ·su·puñ·jo वाvā मत्तिकापुञ्जोmat·ti·kā·puñ·jo वाvā ओमकचातुमासंo·ma·ka·cā·tu·mā·saṃ ओवट्ठो,o·vaṭ·ṭho अयम्पिa·yam·pi वुच्चतिvuc·ca·ti अजाताa·jā·tā पथवी।pa·tha·vī

    Yopi paṁsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā omakacātumāsaṁ ovaṭṭho, ayampi vuccati ajātā pathavī.

    A pile of soil or clay that has been rained on for less than four months—this too is called “unproductive earth”.

39. 39

    खणेय्यातिkha·ṇey·yā·ti

    Khaṇeyyāti

    Digs:

40. 40

    सयंsa·yaṃ खणति,kha·ṇa·ti आपत्तिā·pat·ti पाचित्तियस्स।pā·cit·ti·yas·sa

    sayaṁ khaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.

    if he digs it himself, he commits an offense entailing confession.

41. 41

    खणापेय्यातिkha·ṇā·pey·yā·ti

    Khaṇāpeyyāti

    Has dug:

42. 42

    अञ्ञंañ·ñaṃ आणापेति,ā·ṇā·pe·ti आपत्तिā·pat·ti पाचित्तियस्स।pā·cit·ti·yas·sa

    aññaṁ āṇāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.

    if he asks another, he commits an offense entailing confession.

43. 43

    सकिंsa·kiṃ आणत्तोā·ṇat·to बहुकम्पिba·hu·kam·pi खणति,kha·ṇa·ti आपत्तिā·pat·ti पाचित्तियस्स।pā·cit·ti·yas·sa

    Sakiṁ āṇatto bahukampi khaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.

    If he only asks once, then even if the other digs a lot, he commits one offense entailing confession.

44. 44

    Permutations

45. 45

    पथवियाpa·tha·vi·yā पथविसञ्ञीpa·tha·vi·sañ·ñī खणतिkha·ṇa·ti वाvā खणापेतिkha·ṇā·pe·ti वा,vā भिन्दतिbhin·da·ti वाvā भेदापेतिbhe·dā·pe·ti वा,vā दहतिda·ha·ti वाvā दहापेतिda·hā·pe·ti वा,vā आपत्तिā·pat·ti पाचित्तियस्स।pā·cit·ti·yas·sa

    Pathaviyā pathavisaññī khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.

    If it is earth, and he perceives it as such, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, he commits an offense entailing confession.

46. 46

    पथवियाpa·tha·vi·yā वेमतिकोve·ma·ti·ko खणतिkha·ṇa·ti वाvā खणापेतिkha·ṇā·pe·ti वा,vā भिन्दतिbhin·da·ti वाvā भेदापेतिbhe·dā·pe·ti वा,vā दहतिda·ha·ti वाvā दहापेतिda·hā·pe·ti वा,vā आपत्तिā·pat·ti दुक्कटस्स।duk·ka·ṭas·sa

    Pathaviyā vematiko khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

    If it is earth, but he is unsure of it, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

47. 47

    पथवियाpa·tha·vi·yā अपथविसञ्ञीa·pa·tha·vi·sañ·ñī खणतिkha·ṇa·ti वाvā खणापेतिkha·ṇā·pe·ti वा,vā भिन्दतिbhin·da·ti वाvā भेदापेतिbhe·dā·pe·ti वा,vā दहतिda·ha·ti वाvā दहापेतिda·hā·pe·ti वा,vā अनापत्ति।a·nā·pat·ti

    Pathaviyā apathavisaññī khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, anāpatti.

    If it is earth, but he does not perceive it as such, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, there is no offense.

48. 48

    अपथवियाa·pa·tha·vi·yā पथविसञ्ञी,pa·tha·vi·sañ·ñī आपत्तिā·pat·ti दुक्कटस्स।duk·ka·ṭas·sa

    Apathaviyā pathavisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

    If it is not earth, but he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

49. 49

    अपथवियाa·pa·tha·vi·yā वेमतिको,ve·ma·ti·ko आपत्तिā·pat·ti दुक्कटस्स।duk·ka·ṭas·sa

    Apathaviyā vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

    If it is not earth, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

50. 50

    अपथवियाa·pa·tha·vi·yā अपथविसञ्ञी,a·pa·tha·vi·sañ·ñī अनापत्ति।a·nā·pat·ti

    Apathaviyā apathavisaññī, anāpatti.

    If it is not earth, and he does not perceive it as such, there is no offense.

51. 51

    Non-offenses

52. 52

    अनापत्ति—a·nā·pat·ti

    Anāpatti—

    There is no offense:

53. 53

    “इमंi·maṃ जान,jā·na इमंi·maṃ देहि,de·hi इमंi·maṃ आहर,ā·ha·ra इमिनाi·mi·nā अत्थो,at·tho इमंi·maṃ कप्पियंkap·pi·yaṃ करोही”तिka·ro·hī भणति,bha·ṇa·ti

    “imaṁ jāna, imaṁ dehi, imaṁ āhara, iminā attho, imaṁ kappiyaṁ karohī”ti bhaṇati,

    if he says, “Consider this,” “Give this,” “Bring this,” “There’s need for this,” “Make this allowable;”

54. 54

    असञ्चिच्च,a·sañ·cic·ca

    asañcicca,

    if it is unintentional;

55. 55

    असतिया,a·sa·ti·yā

    asatiyā,

    if he is not mindful;

56. 56

    अजानन्तस्स,a·jā·nan·tas·sa

    ajānantassa,

    if he does not know;

57. 57

    उम्मत्तकस्स,um·mat·ta·kas·sa

    ummattakassa,

    if he is insane;

58. 58

    आदिकम्मिकस्साति।ā·di·kam·mi·kas·sā·ti

    ādikammikassāti.

    if he is the first offender.

59. 59

    पथवीखणनसिक्खापदंpa·tha·vī·kha·ṇa·na·sik·khā·pa·daṃ निट्ठितंniṭ·ṭhi·taṃ दसमं।da·sa·maṃ

    Pathavīkhaṇanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.

    The training rule on digging the earth, the tenth, is finished.

60. 60

    मुसावादवग्गोmu·sā·vā·da·vag·go पठमो।pa·ṭha·mo

    Musāvādavaggo paṭhamo.

    The first subchapter on lying is finished.

61. 61

    तस्सुद्दानंtas·sud·dā·naṃ

    Tassuddānaṁ

    This is the summary:

62. 62

    मुसाmu·sā ओमसपेसुञ्ञं,o·ma·sa·pe·suñ·ñaṃ

    Musā omasapesuññaṁ,

    “Falsely, abusive, and malicious talebearing,

63. 63

    पदसेय्यायpa·da·sey·yā·ya वेve दुवे;du·ve

    padaseyyāya ve duve;

    Memorizing, and two on beds;

64. 64

    अञ्ञत्रañ·ñat·ra विञ्ञुनाviñ·ñu·nā भूता,bhū·tā

    Aññatra viññunā bhūtā,

    Except with one who understands, true,

65. 65

    दुट्ठुल्लापत्तिduṭ·ṭhul·lā·pat·ti खणनाति।kha·ṇa·nā·ti

    duṭṭhullāpatti khaṇanāti.

    Grave offense, digging.”

Sources. Sanskrit: Satyavedaḥ, the New Testament in Sanskrit (Calcutta Baptist Missionaries, 1851; J. Wenger’s revision of W. Carey’s version). Digital text © 2018 SanskritBible.in, via eBible.org, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; changed here: arranged by verse and every word linked to the dictionary (links made automatically). Old Testament Sanskrit: the Old Testament in Sanskrit, Calcutta Baptist Mission Press, 1848–1852 (public domain), read by OCR from the Internet Archive scans of the Boston University School of Theology copy; unproofread, with machine clean-up only. Pāli Canon: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (based on the Vipassana Research Institute’s Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition), from SuttaCentral bilara-data, CC0; Devanagari and pronunciation made automatically from the Roman text. Pāli English: Bhikkhu Sujato (suttas) and Bhikkhu Brahmali (Vinaya), SuttaCentral, CC0. Pāli word meanings: the Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary (Rhys Davids & Stede), corrected reprint © The Pali Text Society, CC BY-NC 3.0, digital text from BuddhaDust; word matching automatic. English: King James Version (1769), public domain; words the translators added are in italics. Word meanings and pronunciations: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1872), via this site’s Sanskrit dictionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); English↔Sanskrit word matches made automatically and may need checking.