Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

bulldog

UK /ˈbʊl.dɒɡ/ · US /ˈbʊl.dɔɡ/ noun, verb, proper noun

Forms bulldogs bulldogging bulldogged

  1. noun A breed of dog developed in England by the crossing of the bullbaiting dog and the Pug to produce a ladies' companion dog, having a very smooth coat, a flattened face, wrinkly cheeks, powerful front legs, and smaller hind legs.
  2. noun The original form of this breed, the English bulldog.
  3. noun A stubborn or determined person. “We need a lawyer who will fight for our case, a real bulldog.”
  4. noun A refractory material used as a furnace lining, obtained by calcining the cinder or slag from the puddling furnace of a rolling mill.
  5. noun (UK, Oxford University slang) One of the proctors' officers.
  6. noun (professional wrestling) Any move in which the wrestler grabs an opponent's head and jumps forward, so that the wrestler lands, often in a sitting position, and drives the opponent's face into the mat.
  7. noun (US, publishing) A bulldog edition.
  8. noun Any of various species of African freshwater fish in the genus Marcusenius, a type of elephantfish.
  9. verb (intransitive, often with into or through) To force oneself (in a particular direction).
  10. verb (transitive) To chase (a steer) on horseback and wrestle it to the ground by twisting its horns (as a rodeo performance).
  11. proper noun A locality in the Clarence Valley council area, north eastern New South Wales, Australia.

Synonyms

British bulldog English bulldog bull

Etymology

From bull + dog, in reference to bullbaiting.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A variety of dog, of remarkable ferocity, courage, and tenacity of grip; --so named, probably, from being formerly employed in baiting bulls.
  2. noun A refractory material used as a furnace lining, obtained by calcining the cinder or slag from the puddling furnace of a rolling mill.
  3. adjective Characteristic of, or like, a bulldog; stubborn; as, bulldog courage; bulldog tenacity. Bulldog bat (zo'94l.), a bat of the genus Nyctinomus; --so called from the shape of its face.

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “bulldog”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details