Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

adjuvant

UK /ˈæd͡ʒʊv(ə)nt/ · US /ˈæd͡ʒəv(ə)nt/ adjective, noun

Forms adjuvants

  1. adjective (formal) Providing assistance or help; assistive, facilitative, helpful.
  2. adjective (immunology) Enhancing the immune response to an antigen; also, containing a substance having such an effect.
  3. adjective (medicine) Of a form of therapy or treatment: additional, supplementary; specifically (oncology), of a cancer treatment: given after removal of a primary tumour.
  4. noun (agriculture) An additive (often a separate product) that enhances the efficacy of a pesticide, but has little or no pesticidal effect itself.
  5. noun (immunology) A substance enhancing the immune response to an antigen.
  6. noun (medicine) A form of therapy or treatment which is additional or supplementary to another, or which enhances the effectiveness of another.
  7. noun (pharmacology, archaic) An additive which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient of a drug.

Synonyms

assisting auxiliary complementary contributory helping supporting accessory attendant adjunct ancillary appurtenant

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin adiuvant-, adjuvant- + English -ant (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘exhibiting a condition or process’; and forming agent nouns). Adiuvant-, adjuvant- are oblique stems of adiuvāns, adjuvāns (“assisting, helping”), the present active participle of adiuvō (“to assist, help; to be useful; etc.”), from ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to; toward’”) + iuvō (“to aid, help; to save”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewH- (“to assist, help; to save”)).
Adjective sense 3 (“of a form of therapy or treatment: additional, supplementary”) and noun sense 1.4 (“additive which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient of a drug”) are possibly derived from French adjuvant (adjective, noun).

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Helping; helpful; assisting. [R.] "Adjuvant causes." Howell.
  2. noun An assistant. [R.] Yelverton.
  3. noun An ingredient, in a prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient.

Etymology [L. adjuvans, p. pr. of adjuvare to aid: cf. F. adjuvant. See Aid.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “adjuvant”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details