Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

chum

/t͡ʃʌm/ noun, verb, proper noun

Forms chums chumming chummed choom

  1. noun (dated) A friend; a pal.
  2. noun (dated) A roommate, especially in a college or university.
  3. verb (intransitive) To share rooms with someone; to live together.
  4. verb (transitive) To lodge (somebody) with another person or people.
  5. verb (intransitive) To make friends; to socialize.
  6. verb (transitive, Scotland, informal) To accompany. “I'll chum you down to the shops.”
  7. noun (fishing, chiefly Canada, US) A mixture of (frequently rancid) fish parts and blood, dumped into the water as groundbait to attract predator fish, such as sharks.
  8. verb (fishing, ambitransitive) To cast chum into the water to attract fish.
  9. noun (pottery) A coarse mould for holding the clay while being worked on a whirler, lathe or manually.
  10. noun Synonym of chum salmon.
  11. noun A temporary dwelling used by the nomadic Uralic reindeer herders of northwestern Siberia.
  12. proper noun A surname.

Synonyms

babber billy bredrin bruv bud buddo buddy butty chaver china chuck cock cocker cobber compadre comrade companion cove crony dawg brother pal sidekick chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta

Etymology

1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).

Originally American English, from the 1850s. Perhaps from Powhatan.

From Chinook Jargon tzum (“spotted, marked”), from Chinook.

From Russian чум (čum), from Komi-Zyrian чум (ćum) and/or Udmurt чум (ćum, “tent, shelter”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A roommate, especially in a college or university; an old and intimate friend.
  2. verb To occupy a chamber with another; as, to chum together at college. [U. S.]
  3. noun Chopped pieces of fish used as bait. [U. S.]

Etymology [Perh. a contraction fr. comrade or chamber fellow: cf. also AS. cuma a comer, guest.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “chum”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details