Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

cipher

UK /ˈsaɪfə/ · US /ˈsaɪfɚ/ noun, verb

Forms ciphers ciphering ciphered cypher

  1. noun (dated) A numeric character.
  2. noun (obsolete) Any text character.
  3. noun (archaic) A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name. “a painter's cipher”
  4. noun A method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning. “The message was written in a simple cipher. Anyone could figure it out.”
  5. noun (cryptography) A cryptographic system using an algorithm that converts letters or sequences of bits into ciphertext. “a public-key cipher”
  6. noun Ciphertext; a message concealed via a cipher. “The message is clearly a cipher, but I can't figure it out.”
  7. noun (obsolete) A grouping of three digits in a number, especially when delimited by commas or periods. “The probability is 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000 — a number having five ciphers of zeros.”
  8. noun (music) A fault in an organ valve which causes a pipe to sound continuously without the key having been pressed.
  9. verb (intransitive, regional, dated) To calculate. “I never learned much more than how to read and cipher.”
  10. verb (intransitive) To write in code or cipher.
  11. verb (intransitive, music) Of an organ pipe: to sound independent of the organ.
  12. verb (obsolete) To decipher.

Synonyms

number numeral digit device monogram code rotation nobody nonentity nothing absolute zero also-ran chopped liver crumb Joe Nobody little guy minnow nebbish no one nothingburger cypher zero 0 nought nil nix nada null aught goose egg

Etymology

14th century. From Middle English cifre, from Old French cyfre, cyffre (French chiffre), ultimately from Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr, “zero, empty”), from صَفَرَ (ṣafara, “to be empty”). Doublet of chiffre and zero. Sense 8 (a fault in an organ valve) may be a different word.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A character [0] which, standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when placed at the right hand of a whole number, increases its value tenfold.
  2. noun One who, or that which, has no weight or influence.
  3. adjective Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence. "Twelve cipher bishops." Milton.
  4. verb To use figures in a mathematical process; to do sums in arithmetic.

Etymology [OF. cifre zero, F. Chiffre figure (cf. Sp.cifra, LL. cifra), fr. Ar. çifrun, çafrun, empty, cipher, zero, fr. çafira to be empty. Cf. Zero.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “cipher”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “cipher” (best matches first).