Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

a priori

UK /ˌɑː pɹiˈɔːɹi/ · US /ˌɑ pɹiˈoɹi/ adjective, adverb

Forms apriori

  1. adjective Self-evident, intuitively obvious.
  2. adjective Presumed without analysis.
  3. adjective (logic) Based on hypothesis and theory rather than experiment or empirical evidence. “In his opening argument, the student mentioned nothing beyond his a priori knowledge.”
  4. adjective (linguistics, conlanging) Developed entirely from scratch, without deriving it from existing languages.
  5. adverb (logic) In a way based on theoretical deduction rather than empirical observation.

Synonyms

deductive deductively[Appendix:Glossary

Antonyms

a posteriori inductively

Etymology

First attested in 1610. Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ā priōrī (“involving reasoning from cause to effect; from first principles”, literally “from the former”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. Characterizing that kind of reasoning which deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles assumed, or which infers effects from causes previously known; deductive or deductively. The reverse of a posteriori.
  2. Applied to knowledge and conceptions assumed, or presupposed, as prior to experience, in order to make experience rational or possible.

Etymology [L. a (ab) + prior former.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “a priori”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details