Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

hardship

UK /ˈhɑːdˌʃɪp/ · US /ˈhɑɹdˌʃɪp/ noun, verb

Forms hardships hardshipping hardshipped

  1. noun Difficulty or trouble; hard times. “He has survived periods of financial hardship before.”
  2. noun A burden, a source of difficulty that could impose a barrier. “When you visit the museum, we invite you to make a donation of $10 if this will not be a hardship.”
  3. verb (transitive) To treat (a person) badly; to subject to hardships.

Synonyms

distress grief anguish rend difficulty pain smart torment torture trouble problem sorrow affliction aggrievance grievance misery ruth sadness undelight vexation adversity hard knocks asperity grimness rigor rigour severity severeness rigorousness rigourousness

Antonyms

softship enthusiasm

Etymology

From Middle English hardshipe, equivalent to hard + -ship.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun That which is hard to hear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc. Swift.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “hardship”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “hardship” (best matches first).