Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

put down

verb

Forms puts down putting down put downs

verb (idiomatic, transitive) To insult, belittle, or demean. “They frequently put down their little sister for walking slowly.”
verb (banking, commerce, transitive) Of money as deposit, to pay. “We put down a $1,000 deposit.”
verb To halt, eliminate, stop, or squelch, often by force. “The government quickly put down the insurrection.”
verb (euphemistic) To euthanize (an animal). “Rex was in so much pain, they had to put him down.”
verb (euphemistic) To execute (a person), especially extrajudicially.
verb To write (something). “Put down the first thing you think of on this piece of paper.”
verb To terminate a call on (a telephone); to hang up. “Don't put the phone down. I want a quick word with him, too.”
verb To add a name to a list. “I've put myself down for the new Spanish conversation course.”

Synonyms

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 — from the Wiktionary entry “put down”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details