Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

redundant

/ɹɪˈdʌn.dənt/ adjective

  1. adjective Superfluous; exceeding what is necessary (and therefore no longer needed because other things fulfill its task or purpose).
  2. adjective (of words, writing, etc) Repetitive or needlessly wordy.
  3. adjective Duplicating or able to duplicate the function of another component of a system, providing backup in the event the other component fails.
  4. adjective (networking, of topology) Containing duplicate pathways to send a message.
  5. adjective (chiefly UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia) Dismissed from employment because no longer needed. “Four employees were made redundant.”
  6. adjective Obsolete or outdated; discarded, or fit to be discarded.

Synonyms

surplus to requirements acervatim adscititious dropsical duplicate excessive exorbitant expletive extra extraneous extravagant gash gorged inessential inordinate lavish needless nonessential overflowing overmuch excess spare supererogatory superfluous supernumerary surplus pleonastic tautologic tautological

Antonyms

non-redundant inadequate lacking needed

Etymology

From Latin redundāns, present participle of redundō (“to overflow, redound”), from red- (“again, back”) + undō (“to surge, flood”), from unda (“a wave”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Exceeding what is natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant; as, a redundant quantity of bile or food.
  2. adjective Using more worrds or images than are necessary or useful; pleonastic.

Etymology [L. redundans, -antis, p. pr. of redundare: cf. F. redondant. See Redound.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “redundant”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “redundant” (best matches first).

All 15 Sanskrit matches →