Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

retrench

UK /ɹɪˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/ · US /ɹəˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/ verb

Forms retrenches retrenching retrenched

  1. verb (transitive) To cut down or reduce.
  2. verb (transitive, specifically) To terminate the employment of a worker to reduce the size of a workforce; to make redundant.
  3. verb (intransitive) To live less expensively; to economize.
  4. verb (transitive) To confine; to limit; to restrict.
  5. verb (transitive, military) To furnish with a retrenchment (a defensive work within a fortification). “to retrench bastions”
  6. verb (intransitive) To abridge; to curtail.
  7. verb (intransitive) To take up a new defensive position. “We must retrench and try to hold on long enough for products in development to reach the market or we will be out of business.”
  8. verb (transitive) To dig or redig a trench where one already exists.

Synonyms

fire let go sack axe can decruit dehire discard remove discharge dismiss downsize give the axe give someone the boot give someone their cards give the chop give the elbow give someone the heave-ho give someone the old heave-ho lay off

Etymology

From Old French retranchier (“to get rid of, remove”) (modern French retrancher (“to cut out, take away; to cut off; to cut down”)), from re- (“again”) + tranchier, trenchier (“to cut”) (modern French trancher (“to slice”)); further etymology uncertain, but possibly either from Vulgar Latin *trinicāre (“cut in three parts”) (from the root trini from trēs (“three”), based on the model of duplicāre (“to double by dividing, split in two, tear”)), or from an alteration of Latin truncāre (“to maim by cutting off pieces; to truncate”), also possibly influenced by Gaulish *trincare (“to cut (the head)”). Compare English trench.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To cut off; to pare away.
  2. verb To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; as, to retrench superfluities or expenses.
  3. verb To cause or suffer retrenchment; specifically, to cut down living expenses; as, it is more reputable to retrench than to live embarrassed.

Etymology [OF. retrenchier, F. retrancher; pref. re- re- + OF. trenchier, F. trancher, to cut. See Trench.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “retrench”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “retrench” (best matches first).