Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

ringer

/ˈɹɪŋə(ɹ)/ noun, proper noun

Forms ringers

  1. noun Someone who rings, especially a bell ringer.
  2. noun (mining) A crowbar.
  3. noun (ornithology) A person who places rings or bands on a bird's leg.
  4. noun (Australia) A stockman, a cowboy.
  5. noun (games) In the game of horseshoes, the event of the horseshoe landing around the pole.
  6. noun (uncountable, games) A game of marbles where players attempt to knock each other's marbles out of a ring drawn on the ground.
  7. noun (UK, dialect) A top performer.
  8. noun (Australia) The champion shearer of a shearing shed.
  9. noun (slang) Any person or thing that is fraudulent; a fake or impostor.
  10. noun (sports) A person highly proficient at a skill or sport who is brought in, often fraudulently, to supplement a team. “In this next clip from the security camera, we see that the rube flashing his wad of cash thinks he'll win, but he doesn't realize that the guy in the gray shirt is a ringer.”
  11. noun (horse racing) A horse fraudulently entered in a race using the name of another horse.
  12. noun (UK, slang) A fraudulently cloned (or cut-and-shut) motor vehicle.
  13. noun A person, animal, or entity which resembles another so closely as to be taken for the other; a look-alike (now usually in the phrase dead ringer). “That man over there is an exact ringer for my father!”
  14. noun (UK, military, informal, in combination) An officer having the specified number of rings (denoting rank) on the uniform sleeve.
  15. noun A ringer T-shirt.
  16. proper noun A surname.
  17. noun (fandom slang) A fan of the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien and/or the film trilogy based on it.

Synonyms

hustler dead ringer Ringnut toller bell ringer clone

Etymology

From Middle English ringere, rynger, ryngar, equivalent to ring (“to sound a bell”) + -er.

From ring (“to surround”) + -er.

Unknown. Probably so named after the custom of ringing a bell to denote the winner of a contest or competition.

Some senses may derive from ring the changes (“run through variations; enliven; pass counterfeit money; trick a shopkeeper into giving too much change”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun One who, or that which, rings; especially, one who rings chimes on bells.
  2. noun A crowbar. Simmonds.
  3. noun A horse that is not entitled to take part in a race, but is fraudulently got into it.

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “ringer”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “ringer” (best matches first).