Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

scotch

UK /skɒt͡ʃ/ · US /skɑt͡ʃ/ noun, verb, proper noun, adjective

Forms scotches scotching scotched the Scotch

  1. noun A surface cut or abrasion.
  2. noun A line drawn on the ground, as one used in playing hopscotch.
  3. noun A block for a wheel or other round object; a chock, wedge, prop, or other support, to prevent slipping. “a scotch for a wheel or a log on inclined ground”
  4. verb (transitive) To cut or score; to wound superficially.
  5. verb (transitive) To prevent (something) from being successful. “The rain scotched his plans of going to the beach.”
  6. verb (transitive) To debunk or discredit an idea or rumor. “The prime minister scotched rumors of his resignation.”
  7. verb (transitive) To block a wheel or other round object. “The workers stopped the rig on an incline and scotched the wheels.”
  8. verb (transitive) To dress (stone) with a pick or pointed instrument.
  9. verb (transitive, textile manufacturing) To beat yarn in order to break up slugs and align the threads.
  10. verb (transitive, obsolete) To clothe or cover up.
  11. verb (transitive, Australian rhyming slang) To rape.
  12. proper noun (dated) The Scots language.
  13. proper noun (dated) The Scottish dialect of English.
  14. proper noun (dated) The people of Scotland.
  15. proper noun (chess, informal) The opening 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4.
  16. noun (uncountable) Whisky distilled in Scotland, especially from malted barley. “Paul has drunk a lot of Scotch.”
  17. noun (countable) Any variety of Scotch. “My favorite Scotches are Glenlivet and Laphroaig.”
  18. noun (countable) A glass of Scotch. “Gimme a Scotch.”
  19. adjective (dated) Of or from Scotland; Scottish.

Synonyms

foil put the kibosh on thwart spike chock block abuse ravish violate constuprate defile defoul dishonour force misuse oppress outrage pollute rape ravage score Scotch whiskey Scotch whisky malt whiskey malt whisky Scotch malt whiskey Scotch malt whisky queer spoil cross

Etymology

From Middle English scocchen (“to cut”), perhaps from Anglo-Norman escocher (“to notch”), from es- (“intensive prefix”) (from Latin ex-) + Old French coche (“notch”). Not related to Scotch.

From 3M's Scotch tape; the Australian rhyming slang comes from the rhyme between tape and rape.

From Middle English *Scoche (attested in Scocheman, whence Scotchman), a contraction of Scottisch, whence Scottish. The chess opening is supposedly named after a correspondence game between Edinburgh, Scotland, and London, England. Doublet of Scottish, Scots, and schottische.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Of or pertaining to Scotland, its language, or its inhabitants; Scottish. Scotch broom (Bot.), the Cytisus scoparius. See Broom.
  2. noun The dialect or dialects of English spoken by the people of Scotland.
  3. noun Collectively, the people of Scotland.
  4. verb To shoulder up; to prop or block with a wedge, chock, etc., as a wheel, to prevent its rolling or slipping.

Etymology [Cf. Scottish.]

Etymology [Cf. Prov. E. scole a prop, and Walloon ascot a prop, ascoter to prop, F. accoter, also Armor. skoaz the shoulder, skoazia to shoulder up, to prop, to support, W. ysgwydd a shoulder, ysgwyddo to shoulder. Cf. Scoat.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “scotch”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details