Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

snub

/snʌb/ adjective, noun, verb

Forms snubs snubbing snubbed snib

  1. adjective Conspicuously short. “a snub-nosed revolver”
  2. adjective (of a nose) Flat and broad, with the end slightly turned up.
  3. adjective (mathematics, of a polyhedron) Derived from a simpler polyhedron by the addition of extra triangular faces.
  4. noun A deliberate affront or slight. “I hope the people we couldn't invite don't see it as a snub.”
  5. noun A sudden checking of a cable or rope.
  6. noun (obsolete) A knot; a protuberance; a snag.
  7. verb (transitive) To slight, ignore or behave coldly toward someone.
  8. verb (transitive) To turn down insultingly; to dismiss. “He snubbed my offer of help.”
  9. verb (transitive) To check; to reprimand.
  10. verb (transitive) To stub out (a cigarette etc).
  11. verb (transitive) To halt the movement of a rope etc by turning it about a cleat or bollard etc; to secure a vessel in this manner.
  12. verb (transitive) To clip or break off the end of; to check or stunt the growth of.
  13. verb To sob with convulsions.

Synonyms

give someone the cold shoulder turn the cold shoulder on someone cut someone cold cut someone dead rebuff repulse cut cold shoulder ignore disregard repel

Etymology

From Middle English snubben, snibben (noun), either indigenous or from Old Norse snubba (“to curse, chide, snub, scold, reprove, rebuff, infringe”), from Proto-Germanic *snūbaną, *snūpaną.
Related to English snip, snap, snape, sneap, to Old Norse sneypa (among more), to Proto-Germanic *snaupijaną.
The original sense is visible in Nordic cognates, to an original sense of “pinching off” (→ “to repress, infringe”), really “snipping off” (Old Norse sneypa, Norwegian Nynorsk snøypa, Swedish snöpa, snoppa, snipa, snippa (“to pinch off, to squeeze off, to castrate”)), with nouns denoting “pinched end → point” (cf. Swedish snip (“snout, spout”), snibb (“lobe”)).
Maybe distantly related to snoop (“be nosy”), to “pinched point” referencing snouts, i.e. the “pinched of point of the animal” (cf. Swedish snopp (“penis”)), then also maybe sniff. Compare Proto-Germanic *snabulaz; also English neb, nib (“beak, point”).
Other cognate forms: Danish snubbe, snibbe, snibe, snippe, sneppe, snøbba; Swedish snebba, snåipa, snypa, snyppa.

From Middle English snubben, snobben (“to sob”). Compare Dutch snuiven (“to snort, to pant”), German schnauben, German dialect schnupfen (“to sob”), and English snuff (transitive verb).

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To sob with convulsions. [Obs.] Bailey.
  2. verb To clip or break off the end of; to check or stunt the growth of; to nop.
  3. verb To check, stop, or rebuke, with a tart, sarcastic reply or remark; to reprimand; to check. J. Foster.
  4. noun A knot; a protuberance; a song. [Obs.]

Etymology [Cf. D. snuiven to snort, to pant, G. schnauben, MHG. snuben, Prov. G. schnupfen, to sob, and E. snuff, v.t.]

Etymology [Cf. Icel. ssnubba to snub, chide, Sw. snubba, Icel. snubbottr snubbed, nipped, and E. snib.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “snub”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details