Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

summon

/ˈsʌmən/ verb, noun

Forms summons summoning summoned summonest summonedst summoneth

  1. verb (transitive) To call people together; to convene; to convoke.
  2. verb (transitive) To ask someone to come; to send for.
  3. verb To order (goods) and have delivered
  4. verb (transitive) To rouse oneself to exert a skill.
  5. verb (fantasy, transitive) To call a resource by magic.
  6. verb (law, transitive) To summons; convene.
  7. noun (video games) A creature magically summoned to do the summoner's bidding.
  8. noun call, command, order
  9. noun (Malaysia, colloquial, slang) A fine; a fee or monetary penalty incurred for breaking the law; usually for a minor offence such as a traffic violation. “You better pay off the parking summon tomorrow before you kena interest on it.”
  10. noun (Malaysia, colloquial, slang) A notice of an infringement of the law, usually incurring such a penalty; a citation or ticket.
  11. verb (transitive, Malaysia, colloquial, slang) To impose such a fine or penalty, or to issue a notice thereof. “The police summoned the driver for speeding.”

Synonyms

summon up muster muster up draw summons saman cite rally come up mobilize mobilise marshal

Etymology

From Anglo-Norman somoundre, from Old French sumundre, from Latin summonēre, itself from sub + monēre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *monéyeti, causative from *men- (“to think”).
Compare typologically from the same PIE root mention, Russian помина́ть (pominátʹ), упомина́ть (upominátʹ) (developed less further, keeping strong relation with по́мнить (pómnitʹ)), also compare помина́й как зва́ли (pomináj kak zváli) (<+ звать (zvatʹ)).

Borrowed from Malay saman (“fine, financial penalty”), which is itself borrowed from English summons (“notice summoning someone to appear in court”). This sense re-emerged in English as summon likely due to the erroneous belief that the original singular English word summons is plural. Doublet of summons and saman.

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To call, bid, or cite; to notify to come to appear; --often with up. Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood. Shak.
  2. verb To give notice to, or command to appear, as in court; to cite by authority; as, to summon witnesses.

Etymology [OE. somonen, OF. sumundre, semondre, F. semondre, from (assumed) LL. summonêre, for L. summonere to give a hint; sub under + monere to admonish, to warn. See Monition, and cf. Submonish.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “summon”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “summon” (best matches first).

All 17 Sanskrit matches →