Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

cod

UK /kɒd/ · US /kɑd/ noun, adjective, verb

Forms cods codding codded C.O.D.

  1. noun A sea fish of the family Gadidae which are sold as "cod", as haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), and whiting (usually Merlangius merlangus).
  2. noun A sea fish of the genus Gadus, inclusive of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac or Gadus macrocephalus ogac).
  3. noun An Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
  4. noun (informal, usually with qualifiers) Other not closely related fish which are similarly important to regional fisheries, as the hapuku and cultus cod.
  5. noun (informal, usually with qualifiers) Other not closely related fish which resemble the Atlantic cod, such as the rock cod (Lotella rhacina) and blue cod (Parapercis colias).
  6. noun (obsolete) A small bag or pouch.
  7. noun (UK, obsolete) A husk or integument; a pod.
  8. noun The cocoon of a silkworm.
  9. noun (now rare, also in the plural) The scrotum.
  10. noun (obsolete or dialectal, UK, Scotland) A pillow or cushion.
  11. noun A joke or an imitation. “I assume it all could just be a cod.”
  12. noun A stupid or foolish person. “He's making a right cod of himself.”
  13. adjective (usually attributive, in compounds) Having the character of imitation; jocular. “cod psychology”
  14. adjective (Polari) Bad.
  15. verb (transitive, dialectal, slang) To attempt to deceive or confuse; to kid.
  16. verb (intransitive, Ireland, slang) To joke; to kid. “I'm only codding!”

Synonyms

codfish common cod milwell Scotch cod alcatote asshat arsehole asshole bayard berk birdbrain blither bobchin bonehead bozo buffoon brickhead Charlie chucklehead chowderhead pod seedcase gull dupe slang befool fool put on take in put one over

Antonyms

bona

Etymology

From Middle English cod, codde, of uncertain origin:
* Oldest English form cotfich as a surname in the 13th century; for more see cot (“chamber, cottage”).
* A bag or pouch, related to its bloated shape; see Etymology 2 below.
* From Latin gadus, from Ancient Greek γάδος (gádos, “cod”) with a possible pre-Greek or Semitic origin; for more see Atargatis, Cetus, and κῆτος (kêtos). Cognate with the genus name, translingual Gadus.

From Middle English cod, codde, from Old English cod, codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuddō, from Proto-Germanic *kuddô, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”), from *gew- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”). Cognate with Scots cod, codd, coad, kod (“pillow, cushion”), German Low German Koden, Kon (“belly, paunch”), Middle Dutch codde (“scrotum”), Danish kodde (“testicle”), Swedish kudde (“cushion”), Faroese koddi (“pillow”), Icelandic koddi (“pillow”).

Origin unknown. Attested in reference to a person (though not always a stupid or foolish person) from the end of the 17th century. The Oxford English Dictionary (1891) notes that a suggested link to codger is unlikely, as cod appears much earlier.

Abbreviation.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A husk; a pod; as, a peascod. [Eng.] Mortimer.
  2. noun A small bag or pouch. [Obs.] Halliwell.
  3. noun An important edible fish (Gadus morrhua), Taken in immense numbers on the northern coasts of Europe and America. It is especially abundant and large on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. It is salted and dried in large quantities.

Etymology [AS. codd small bag; akin to Icel. koddi pillow, Sw. kudde cushion; cf. W. cod, ciod, bag, shell.]

Etymology [Cf. G. gadde, and (in Heligoland) gadden, L. gadus merlangus.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “cod”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details