Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

Aryan

/ˈɛəɹi.ən/ noun, adjective, proper noun

Forms Aryans Arian

  1. noun (Nazism or white supremacy, informal) A person of Caucasian (white / Northern European) ethnicity; A white non-Jew, in the broadest sense, or more narrowly defined as people of Germanic descent.
  2. noun (by extension, chiefly US, informal, euphemistic) A Caucasian racist, often one who is an Aryan in the first sense.
  3. noun (by extension, dated) An Indo-European, a Proto-Indo-European.
  4. noun (ethnography, dated) A subdivision of the Caucasian racial and linguistic grouping, when that grouping is defined as consisting of Aryans, Semites, and Hamites.
  5. noun (linguistics, historical, dated) Synonym of Indo-Iranian (“member of any peoples speaking an Indo-Iranian language.”)
  6. noun (by extension, linguistics, dated) An Indo-Aryan.
  7. adjective Pertaining, in racial theories, to the (alleged) Aryan master race.
  8. adjective (neo-Nazi or white supremacist ideology, informal) Pertaining to the Caucasian ethnicity.
  9. adjective (US, informal, euphemistic) Pertaining to Caucasian racists or their organisations, theories, etc.
  10. adjective (ahistorical, dated) Of or pertaining to Indo-European peoples, cultures and languages.
  11. adjective (linguistics, history, dated) Of or pertaining to Indo-Iranian peoples, cultures, and languages.
  12. proper noun (history, linguistics, dated) Synonym of Indo-Iranian.
  13. proper noun A male given name of Indian usage.
  14. proper noun (ahistorical or Nazism) Synonym of Indo-European.

Synonyms

Indo-Iranian Indo-European Indo-Aryan

Antonyms

non-Aryan

Etymology

Originally from Sanskrit आर्य (ā́rya, “noble; noble one”) and + -n. The Sanskrit word is an autonym originally from Proto-Indo-Iranian *áryas (see there for more). Borrowed into English in the 19th century, at first as a term for the Indo-Iranian languages, and later partly extended to the Indo-European languages and peoples following a theory by Friedrich Schlegel that connected the Indo-Iranian words arya/ā́rya with German Ehre (“honor”) and some older Germanic names, thus assuming that it was the original Indo-European autonym meaning "the honorable people". The original meaning of the Indo-Iranian autonym and its possible Indo-European origin/cognates are disputed (see the Wikipedia article for further details).
The same Proto-Indo-Iranian root is the ultimate source of the country name Iran. Also the doublet of Arya.

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun One of a primitive people supposed to have lived in prehistoric times, in Central Asia, east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindoo
  2. noun The language of the original Aryans. [Written also Arian.]
  3. adjective Of or pertaining to the people called Aryans; Indo-European; Indo-Germanic; as, the Aryan stock, the Aryan languages.

Etymology [Skr. arya excellent, honorable; akin to the name of the country Iran, and perh. to Erin, Ireland, and the early name of this people, at least in Asia.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “Aryan”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details