Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iː	see	ɪ	sit	e / ɛ	bed	æ	cat
ɑː	father	ɒ	hot (UK)	ɔː	law	ʊ	put
uː	too	ʌ	cup	ɜː	bird	ə	about
eɪ	day	aɪ	my	ɔɪ	boy	aʊ	now
əʊ / oʊ	go (UK / US)	ɪə	near	eə	hair	ʊə	tour

Consonants that look unusual

θ	thin	ð	this	ʃ	she	ʒ	measure
tʃ	church	dʒ	judge	ŋ	sing	j	yes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

-s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
-ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
-ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

“foes” is a form of

foe

UK /fəʊ/ · US /foʊ/ adjective, noun, proper noun

Forms foes

adjective (obsolete) Hostile.
noun An enemy.
noun A unit of energy equal to 10⁴⁴ joules.
proper noun A surname from German.

Synonyms

adversary enemy opponent fiend bethe foeman opposition

Antonyms

ally friend

Etymology

From Middle English fo (“foe; hostile”), from earlier yfoh, yvo, ifa (“foe”), from Old English ġefāh (“enemy”), from fāh (“hostile”), from Proto-West Germanic *faih, from Proto-Germanic *faihaz (compare Old Frisian fāch (“punishable”), Middle High German gevēch (“feuder”)), from Proto-Indo-European *peyk/ḱ- (“to hate, be hostile”) (compare Middle Irish óech (“enemy, fiend”), Lithuanian pi̇̀ktas (“evil”)).

Acronym of [ten to the power of] fifty-one ergs, due to equalling 10⁵¹ ergs; coined by Gerald Brown of Stony Brook University in his work with Hans Bethe.

Webster’s 1913

noun See Fiend, and cf. Feud a quarrel.
noun One who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge, or malice, against another; an enemy.
verb To treat as an enemy. [Obs.] Spenser.

Etymology [OE. fo, fa, AS. fh hostile; prob. akin to E. fiend. sq. root81.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “foe”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “foe” (best matches first).

विद्विषत् vi-dviṣat hating, hostile; an enemy, foe.
विद्विष् vi-dviṣ hostile, inimical; an enemy, foe.
अमित्र a-mitra not a friend, an enemy, adversary, foe.
त्वक्षस् tvakṣas efficiency, energy, vigour; (Sāy.) foe-destroying might.
द्वेष्टृ dveṣṭṛ one who hates, a hater, disliking, hating, inimical, an enemy, foe.
अभियाति abhi-yāti or abhi-yātin, ī, m. or abhi-yātṛ, tā, m. an assailant, foe, enemy.
द्वेषिन् dveṣin hating, disliking, hostile, inimical; ( ī ), m. a hater, foe, an enemy;
द्विषत् dviṣat hating or detesting, hostile, inimical, unfriendly; ( an ), m. an enemy, foe.

All 60 Sanskrit matches →