Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

gulf

/ɡʌlf/ noun, verb, proper noun

Forms gulfs gulfing gulfed the Gulf gulph

  1. noun A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin.
  2. noun (obsolete) That which swallows; the gullet.
  3. noun That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy.
  4. noun (geography) A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially landlocked sea “the Gulf of Mexico”
  5. noun (mining) A large deposit of ore in a lode.
  6. noun (figurative) A wide interval or gap; a separating space.
  7. noun (figurative) A difference, especially a large difference, between groups.
  8. noun (Oxbridge slang) The bottom part of a list of those awarded a degree, for those who have only just passed.
  9. verb (transitive) To engulf.
  10. verb (Oxbridge slang, transitive) To award a degree to somebody who has only just passed sufficiently.
  11. proper noun The Persian Gulf, or the region surrounding it. “Gulf States”
  12. proper noun The Gulf of Mexico, or the region surrounding it. “Gulf States”
  13. proper noun (geology) An epoch constituting a subdivision of the Cretaceous.

Synonyms

abyss rift Gulfian disconnect disconnection

Etymology

From Middle English gulf, goulf, golf, from Old French golf, from Italian golfo, from Late Latin colfos, from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, gulf”), of obscure origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve, arch”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. noun A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin, He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between. Milton.
  2. noun That which swallows; the gullet. [Obs.] Shak.

Etymology [F. golfe, It. golfo, fr. Gr. bosom, bay, gulf, LGr. 1. A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin, He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between. Milton. Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed. Luke xvi. 26. 2. That which swallows; the gullet. [Obs.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “gulf”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “gulf” (best matches first).