Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

hardy

UK /ˈhɑːdi/ · US /ˈhɑɹdi/ adjective, noun, proper noun

Forms hardier hardiest hardies Hardys

  1. adjective Having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships.
  2. adjective (botany) Able to survive adverse growing conditions, especially frost. “A hardy plant is one that can withstand the extremes of climate, such as frost.”
  3. adjective Brave and resolute.
  4. adjective Impudent.
  5. noun (usually in the plural) Anything, especially a plant, that is hardy.
  6. noun A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil.
  7. noun A hardy hole.
  8. proper noun (historical) A former town in Manchester, England, now absorbed into Chorlton-cum-Hardy.
  9. proper noun A common surname transferred from the nickname, originally a nickname for a hardy person.
  10. proper noun A male given name transferred from the surname.
  11. proper noun A minor city in Sharp County and Fulton County, Arkansas.
  12. proper noun An unincorporated community in Mendocino County, California.
  13. proper noun A minor city in Humboldt County, Iowa.
  14. proper noun An unincorporated community and coal town in Pike County, Kentucky.
  15. proper noun An unincorporated community in Grenada County, Mississippi.
  16. proper noun A census-designated place in Cascade County, Montana.

Synonyms

hearty robust rugged strong Oliver Hardy Thomas Hardy stalwart stout sturdy audacious brave dauntless fearless intrepid unfearing

Antonyms

tender

Etymology

From Middle English hardy, hardi, from Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”).
Old French hardi is usually regarded as the past participle of hardir ("to harden, be bold, make bold"; compare Occitan ardir, Italian ardire), from Frankish *hardijan; but it may also have come directly from Frankish *hardi, a secondary form of Frankish *hard (compare Old High German harti, herti, secondary forms of Old High German hart (“hard”)); or even yet from Frankish *hardig (compare Middle Low German herdich (“persevering”), Old Danish hærdig, Norwegian herdig, Swedish härdig (“vigorous, courageous”)).
Cognate with hard. May have at some point also been surface analysed as hard + -y.

From Old English *Hearda + īeġ (“island, dry land in a marsh”).

* As an English, Scottish, and French surname, from Middle English hardy, hardi, from Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”).
* As an Irish surname, via mac giolla deacair (“son of the hard lad”) as a calque of the above.
* Also as a Scottish surname, variant of Hardie.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolue; intrepid.
  2. adjective Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened; shameless.
  3. noun A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the hardy hole.

Etymology [F.hardi, p. p. fr. OF. hardir to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. hertan to harden, G. härten. See Hard, a.]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “hardy”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “hardy” (best matches first).