Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

nod

UK /nɒd/ · US /nɑd/ verb, noun

Forms nods nodding nodded

  1. verb (ambitransitive) To incline the head up and down, as to indicate agreement.
  2. verb (ambitransitive) To briefly incline the head downwards as a cursory greeting.
  3. verb (ambitransitive) To sway, move up and down.
  4. verb (intransitive) To gradually fall asleep.
  5. verb (transitive) To signify by a nod. “They nodded their assent.”
  6. verb (intransitive) To make a mistake by being temporarily inattentive or tired “Even Homer nods.”
  7. verb (transitive, intransitive, soccer) To head; to strike the ball with one's head. “Jones nods the ball back to his goalkeeper.”
  8. verb (intransitive, figuratively) To allude to something.
  9. noun An instance of inclining the head up and down, as to indicate agreement, or as a cursory greeting.
  10. noun A reference or allusion to something.
  11. noun A nomination. “For the fifth time in her career she received a Grammy nod, she has yet to win the award.”
  12. noun (figurative) Approval. “The plan is expected to get the nod from councillors at the next meeting.”
  13. noun A state of half-consciousness; stupor.

Etymology

From Middle English nodden, probably from an unrecorded Old English *hnodian (“to nod, shake the head”), from Proto-West Germanic *hnodōn, from Proto-Germanic *hnudōną (“to beat, rivet, pound, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *kendʰ-, from *ken- (“to scratch, scrape, rub”). Compare Old High German hnotōn (“to shake”), hnutten (“to shake, rattle, vibrate”) (> modern dialectal German notteln, nütteln (“to rock, move back and forth”)), Faroese njóða (“to clench a nail”), Icelandic hnjóða (“to rivet, clinch”), Faroese noða (“to double by bending”), Icelandic hnoða (“to clinch, rivet”).

Webster’s 1913

  1. verb To bend or incline the upper part, with a quick motion; as, nodding plumes.
  2. verb To incline the head with a quick motion; to make a slight bow; to make a motion of assent, of salutation, or of drowsiness, with the head; as, to nod at one.
  3. verb To incline or bend, as the head or top; to make a motion of assent, of salutation, or of drowsiness with; as, to nod the head.
  4. verb To signify by a nod; as, to nod approbation.

Etymology [OE. nodden; cf. OHG. kn, genuot, to shake, and E. nudge.]

Sources: Wiktionary · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “nod”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “nod” (best matches first).