Klryz
Pronunciation guide: IPA symbols, stress and word endings

Vowels

iːseeɪsite / ɛbedæcat
ɑːfatherɒhot (UK)ɔːlawʊput
uːtooʌcupɜːbirdəabout
eɪdayaɪmyɔɪboyaʊnow
əʊ / oʊgo (UK / US)ɪəneareəhairʊətour

Consonants that look unusual

θthinðthisʃsheʒmeasure
tʃchurchdʒjudgeŋsingjyes

p b t d k g f v s z h m n l r w sound as in ordinary English spelling.

Marks

  • ˈ main stress, before the stressed syllable: /ˈwɔːtə/ water · ˌ lighter (secondary) stress: /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand
  • ː a long vowel · (r) an r said only in accents that pronounce it (most American, Scottish, Irish)

Common word endings

  • -s / -es (plurals; he/she form of verbs): /s/ after voiceless sounds (cats), /z/ after voiced (dogs), /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, j sounds (buses, watches). Spelling: -es after s, x, z, ch, sh; consonant + y → -ies (city → cities).
  • -ed (past): /t/ after voiceless sounds (walked), /d/ after voiced (played), /ɪd/ after t or d (wanted). Spelling: love → loved, stop → stopped, carry → carried.
  • -ing: make → making, run → running, see → seeing.
  • Irregular: go, went, gone · be, was, been · see, saw, seen · man → men · child → children · mouse → mice.
  • Older (King James) forms: -eth = -s (he loveth = he loves) · -est with “thou” (thou lovest) · spake = spoke.

English Dictionary · 107,383 entries · Sources & licences

polish

UK /ˈpɒl.ɪʃ/ · US /ˈpɑ.lɪʃ/ noun, verb, adjective

Forms polishes polishing polished Pl.

  1. noun A substance used to polish. “A good silver polish will remove tarnish easily.”
  2. noun Cleanliness; smoothness, shininess. “The floor was waxed to a high polish.”
  3. noun Refinement; cleanliness in performance or presentation. “The lecturer showed a lot of polish at his last talk.”
  4. verb (transitive) To shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding. “He polished up the chrome until it gleamed.”
  5. verb (transitive) To refine; remove imperfections from. “The band has polished its performance since the last concert.”
  6. verb (transitive) To apply shoe polish to shoes.
  7. verb (intransitive) To become smooth, as from friction; to receive a gloss; to take a smooth and glossy surface. “Steel polishes well.”
  8. verb (transitive) To refine; to wear off the rudeness, coarseness, or rusticity of; to make elegant and polite.
  9. adjective Of, from or native to Poland, or relating to the Polish language.
  10. noun The language spoken in Poland.
  11. noun A breed of chickens with a large crest of feathers.

Synonyms

wax finish sheen shine shininess smoothness class elegance panache refinement style buff furbish burnish smooth bone hone perfect refine Polandish gloss glossiness culture cultivation smoothen fine-tune down round round off polish up

Etymology

From Middle English polishen, from Old French poliss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of polir, from Latin polīre (“to polish, make smooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to drive, strike, thrust”), from the notion of fulling cloth.

From Pole + -ish. Doublet of Poylish.

Webster’s 1913

  1. adjective Of or pertaining to Poland or its inhabitants.
  2. adjective The language of the Poles.
  3. verb To make smooth and glossy, usually by friction; to burnish; to overspread with luster; as, to polish glass, marble, metals, etc.
  4. verb Hence, to refine; to wear off the rudeness, coarseness, or rusticity of; to make elegant and polite; as, to polish life or manners. Milton. To polish off, to finish completely, as an adversary. [Slang] W. H. Russell.

Etymology [From Pole a Polander.]

Etymology [F. polir, L. polire. Cf. Polite, -ish]

Sources: Wiktionary · WordNet 3.0 · Webster’s 1913 — from the Wiktionary entry “polish”, CC BY-SA 4.0. Details

Sanskrit

Sanskrit dictionary entries whose meaning includes “polish” (best matches first).

All 14 Sanskrit matches →